Glossary.

noun...An alphabetical list of terms peculiar to a field of knowledge with explanations...

The following is a list of terms, abbreviations, psudonyms, etc that you may come across or have already come across, related to computing, internet, networks etc. Relevant to most computers, although some of the definitions will only be relevant on specific platforms, and are annotated as such.



There is also a list of Internet-related Acronyms that you may find/come across whilst reading your News or E-Mail (Usenet), and

A list of General Acronyms which cover other aspects of computer-related jargon.

Neither of these 2 lists have long definitions that you may find here in the Glossary, but only a basic description of what each Acronym stands for.

This is the Definitive listing compiled from various sources, including Acorn User, Archimedes World, Archive, other Magazines, The Internet, Jerome Mathevet, (who helped fill in some blanks), various FAQ-files, and Acorn and other platform Manuals. Some of the items in this Glossary have no definitions, (and require none) however, if anyone thinks they do, please let me know.

Thank You to everyone who contributed.

Whilst every care has been taken in compiling this Glossary, neither I nor any of the contributors can be held responsible for any misleading, mistaken, or misquoted definitions. (Misspelling will be ammended when noticed or notified).




Quick Jump Index.

From here you can jump to the relevant section in this document by clicking on the appropriate letter.

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!
Pronounced "pling". Under RISC OS, if a Directory name starts with a pling, it is taken to be an Application.
$
Meaning 'Root'. The top level in a (RISC OS) File-structure. Either the first Directory that is opened when initially displaying the contents of a Device. eg. A Hard Disc/Drive (HD), or
The top level in an Application (RISC OS) which refers to all the files/Sub-Directories within that Application. aka Root Directory or $Dir.
$ (String)
A sequence of ASCII Characters.

10Base2
Network/Ethernet Standard using BNC connectors and co-axial cable. aka ThinNet or "thin wire" Ethernet.
10Base5
Network/Ethernet Standard used mainly for Backbones. Uses 9-pin D-type connectors and special cable. aka ThickNet or "thick wire" Ethernet.
10BaseT
Network/Ethernet Standard that uses telephone connectors and telephone cable. aka Twisted Pair or "Cheapernet".
1MHz Bus
A proprietary (Acorn) Parallel digital interface (IF), originally designed for use on the BBC Micro to provide access to complex Peripherals such as a Hard Disc/Drive (HD) etc. This interface is available on RISC OS computers by using the Acorn I/O card, although its '1MHz Bus' operates at 2MHz!.
440BX
Intel's first chipset to support Bus speed of 100MHz. Previous chipsets could only support 66Mhz.
80486
Developed from the 80386, 80286, 80186, 8086, 8088, 8008, 4004. The 4004 was designed to operate a washing machine. The Pentium version of the processor (CPU) that can operate a washing machine and heat the water too (Historically correct, don't ya know!).

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a-life (artificial-life)
Similar to artificial intelligence (AI) but relies on behavior emerging or being produced rather than being specifically pre-programmed. eg Game of Life, Cellular Automaton.
A/D (Analog to Digital)
A/P (Accounts Payable)
A/R (Accounts Receivable)
A/V (Audio/Visual)
AA (Associative Arrays (PERL Programming))
AA (Auto Answer (Comms))
AAB (All-to-All Broadcast (Comms))
AACT (Acorn Approved Centre of Technology)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
AAL (ATM Adaption Layer (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - ATM
AAP (Applications Access Point (Networking from DEC))
Back to/Related subjects - Application
AAS (All-to-All Scatter (Comms))
AASP (ASCII Asynchronous Support Package)
Back to/Related subjects - ASCII
AAT (Average Access Time)
AAUC (Arche Acorn User Club (Germany))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
AAUG (Association of Acorn User Groups)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer)
First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes.
ABE (Acorn Banner Exchange (Web Group))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
ABEND ABnormal END (Comms))
ABI (Application Binary Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Binary - Interface
ABIOS (Advanced BIOS)
Back to/Related subjects - BIOS
ABIST (Automatic Built-In Self-Test (IBM))
ABLE (Adaptive Battery Life Extender)
ABR (Available Bit Rate (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
ABRS (Automated Book Request System)
Database Systemused by the British Library.
ABS (ABSolute value (BASIC Keyword))
This function strips the minus sign from the number, variable or expression following it.
ABS (Address Book Synchronization (IBM))
ABT (ABorT)
ABTS (ASCII Block Terminal Services)
Back to/Related subjects - ASCII - Terminal
AC (Auto-Check)
AC (Automatic Computer)
ACAP (Application Configuration Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Configure - Protocol
ACC (ACCumulator)
The main working register of a Processor
ACCU (Association of C and C++ Users (Club))
Back to/Related subjects - C - C++ - User
ACD (Automatic Call Distribution (Comms))
ACDI (Asynchronous Communications Device Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Interface
ACE
Filetype Format for Movie file (RISC OS).
ACE (Access Control Entry)
ACE (Acorn Computer Enterprises (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
ACE (Advanced Computing Enviroment)
ACE (Adverse Channel Enhancements)
ACE (Automatic Computing Engine)
ACF (Access Control Field)
ACF (Advanced Communications Function)
ACG (Acorn Computer Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
ACH (Automated Clearing House)
ACIAS (Automated Calibration Interval Analysis System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ACIS (American Committee for Interoperable Systems)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ACK (ACKnowledgment (Comms))
ACL (Access Control List (Network Security))
ACL (Auto Correct List (Filetype extension .ACL))
ACM (Association for Computing Machinery)
ACM (Audio Compression Manager (Software - Windows 95 (W95/W98/WNT))
Back to/Related subjects - Compression
ACMS (Application Control Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - System
ACNE (Acorn Club North East)
Back to/Related subjects - ACORN
ACORN
Computer Manufacturing Company. British Company based in Cambridge. Designers of such computers as Atom, BBC-B, BBC-Master, Archimedes Series A3000, A3010, A3020, A4000, A5000, Risc PC, Phoebe etc. Uses RISC OS
ACP (Ancillary Control Program)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
ACP (Auxilary Control Process)
ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
Succeeds DPMA for controlling power management and monitoring System health.
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration - IF
ACR (Allowed Cell Rate)
ACS (ACcesS)
ACS (Access Control Set)
ACS (Access Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ACS (Advanced Computer System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ACS (Asynchronous Communication Server)
Back to/Related subjects - Server
Action Button
A button in a Dialogue Box which causes some action to occur when Clicked upon.
ActiveX
ActiveX is a programming Module. ActiveX technology is used to make Interactive Web Pages look and behave like computer Programs, rather than inert pages which have no interaction. Users can ask/answer questions, use buttons, Menus, and interact in other ways with the web page. Used to add PC Desktop functions to a Web Browser
ACTS (Automated Computer Time Service)
ACTT (Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology (Seiko))
ACU (Automatic Calling Unit)
ADA (Automatic Data Acquisitions)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADA
Programming Language named after Augusta Ada Lovelace.
ADB (Apple Desktop Bus (Mac Hardware))
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop - Bus
ADC (Adaptive Data Compression (Hayes))
Modem Data Compression Protocol
ADC (Add Data with Carry aka Add with Carry (BASIC Keyword))
Add the contents of Memory location or immediate Data to the Accumulator, plus the carry Bit. Result is placed in the accumulator.
ADC (Analog (to) Digital Converter)
ADCCP (Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures/Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Protocol
ADD (Automatic Document Detection (WordPerfect))
Address
A location in Memory or on Disc, or
On the Net, this is an electronic mail (Email) address. Addresses are often structured person@[subsite.]domain.type.country, eg. bill@bilmck.demon.co.uk. The type indicates the nature of the organisation running the Site, ORGanisation, COmpany, GOVernment, ACademic. (Not all addresses adhere to this structure).
Back to/Related subjects - Demon
ADF (Adapter Description File (File extension .ADF))
ADF (Automatically Defined Function)
ADF (Automatic Document Feeder (Scanners))
Back to/Related subjects - Document
ADI (AutoCad/AutoDesk Device Interface (Driver))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Interface
ADFS (Advanced Disc Filing System)
This is the proprietary System used by Acorn for organising and storing Data on Floppy Disc (FD) and Hard Drives (HD).
Back to/Related subjects - Disc - Filing System
Adjust Button
Right-hand Mouse button (RISC OS). However, some Programs Configure the mouse for left-hand use and in this case it would be the left-hand mouse button.
Adjust-Size Icon
Icon in the bottom right-hand corner of some Windows (RISC OS).
Adjuster-Arrow
An Icon in a Dialogue-Box used to increase or decrease an associated value shown in an adjacent (sometimes writeable) icon.
ADL (Acorn Discussion List)
Part of ACORN News Service (ANS)
ADL (Address Data Latch)
Back to/Related subjects - Address - Data
ADLAT (Adaptive Lattice Filter)
ADLC (Adaptive Data Lossless Compression (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Compression - Data
ADLC (Asynchronous Data Link Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADMACS (Apple Document Mangagement And Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - System
ADMD (ADministrative Management Domain)
ADN
Add In Utility File extension - .ADN Used in/by Lotus 1/2/3.
ADN (Advanced Digital Network)
Usually refers to a 56Kbps Leased Line.
Back to/Related subjects - Network
ADO (Active/ActiveX Data Object (DataBase))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADP (Automatic Data Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (Comms/Sounds))
ADR (ADdRess)
ADS (Application Development Solutions/System)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - System
ADS (Automatic Distribution System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ADSC (ADdress Status Changed)
Back to/Related subjects - Address
ADSC (Adobe Document Structuring Conventions)
Adobe Document Protocol
ADSI (Analog Display Services Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
ADSL (Assymetric Digital Subscriber Line (Communications))
A method for moving Data over regular phone lines. An ADSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection, and the wires coming into the subscriber's premises are the same (copper) wires used for regular phone service. An ADSL circuit must be configured to connect two specific Locations, similar to a Leased Line. A commonly discussed Configuration of ADSL would allow a subscriber to receive data (Down-Load DL) at speeds of up to 1.544 megabits (not mega bytes) per second (bps See Baud), and to send (UpLoad UL) data at speeds of 128 kilobits per second. Thus the -Asymmetric- part of the acronym.
Another commonly discussed configuration would be symmetrical: 384 Kilobits per second in both directions.
In theory ADSL allows download speeds of up to 9 megabits per second and upload speeds of up to 640 kilobits per second. ADSL is often discussed as an alternative to ISDN, allowing higher speeds in cases where the Connection is always to the same place.
Back to/Related subjects - bit - Byte
ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop (Communications))
ADSP (Apple Datastream Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
ADSR (Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release)
ADT (Abstract Data Type (OOP Class))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADT (Application Data Types)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
ADU (Automatic Dialing Unit)
A Modem for example.
AE (Above or Equal)
AEB (Analog Expansion Bus)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
AEC (Architecture, Engineering, Construction)
AESA (ATM End System Address)
Back to/Related subjects - Address - ATM - System
AF (Auxiliary carry Flag)
AFA (Accelerated File Access)
Back to/Related subjects - File
AFC (Automatic Font Change)
Back to/Related subjects - Fonts
AFC (Automatic Frequency Control)
AFD (Automatic File Distribution)
Back to/Related subjects - File
AFDW (Active Framework for Data Warehousing (Microsoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
AFI (Authority and Format Identifier)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
AFII (Association for Font Information Interchange)
Back to/Related subjects - Fonts
AFIRM (Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match)
AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
AFM (Adobe Font Metrics (File extension - .AFM)
Back to/Related subjects - Fonts
AFP (Advanced Function Presentation (IBM))
AFP (Appletalk Filing Protocol (Mac))
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System - Protocol
AFS (Andrew File System (Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System
AFTP (Anonymous File Transfer Protocol aka Anonymous FTP)
This enables a User to retrieve Files from an FTP Site on the Internet without having to establish a User-ID (UID) and PassWord (PW) on the System. When you Log in, type 'anonymous' (or just 'ftp') as your user-id and give your Email Address as the password if one is required.
AGA (Advanced Graphics Adapter)
AGC (Automatic Gain Control)
AGP (Accelerated/Advanced Graphics Port)
Single Port dedicated to the Graphics Card (Intel) freeing up System Memory/CPU usage.
Intel designed Expansion Slot allowing Graphics cards direct access to system Bus of 66MHz rather than going through the slower 33Mhz PCI bus. Can also use System-RAM in addition to on-board Video Memory.
AGRAS (Anti-Glare/Reflective/And Static)
AGU (Address-Generation Unit)
AHS (Automated Highway Systems)
Back to/Related subjects - System
AI (Analog Input)
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
Re Games etc. A process/Program that allows the computer (seemingly) to think out stratagies etc. instead of following set routes or paths, or
A process that involves evolving computers to make them think for themselves. ie. Make their own decisions/choices based on the available facts/Data.
AIA (Applications Integration Architecture (DEC))
Back to/Related subjects - Application
AIC (AIX (Advanced Interactive Executive)-windows Interface Composer (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
AIF (Audio Interchange Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
AIIM (Association for Information and Image Management)
AIM (Another Image Manager)
A suite of Image Processing (IP) Software produced by Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands.
AIN (Advanced Intelligent Network (Bell Atlantic))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
AIS (Automated Identification System (NCIC))
Back to/Related subjects - System
AISB (Association of Imaging Service Bureaus)
AISP (Association of Information Systems Professionals)
Back to/Related subjects - System
AIT (Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony))
Upgrade to the older Intelligent Tape-Drive
AIX (Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM))
AKA (Also Known As (aka))
AKF
The first part of the code for Acorn Monitors eg. AKF50.
ALC (Arithmetic and Logic Circuits)
ALC (Automatic Level Control)
ALE (Address Latch Enable)
ALE (Application Linking and Embedding)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
ALGOL (ALGorithmic Oriented Language)
Previously known as IAL - International Algebraic Language.
Aliasing
The unwanted jagged edges that may affect diagonals in images displayed on-screen, especially in low-Resolution Mode (See Screen Modes) eg. Fonts. Removing this effect is known as anti-aliasing.
ALIBI (Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of Information)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Network
ALINK (Active LINK aka Hyperlink)
See - Hypertext
ALIWEB (Archie Like Indexing in the WEB (Internet)
Back to/Related subjects - Archie - WEB
ALN (Asynchronous Learning Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
ALR (Advanced Logic Research (Inc - Company))
ALT (ALTernate)
ALT (ALTernate/ALTernative lifestyle (Usenet Newsgroup Category - ALT.))
ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
Used in a CPU to control and execute basic instructions.
AMA (Automatic Message Accounting)
AMAN (Advanced Modular Adaptive Network (Network Software))
AMANDDA (Automated Messaging AND Directory Assistance)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
AMC (ATI Multimedia Channel)
Advanced Technology Interface. Graphics-card connector.
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia
AMD (Active Matrix Display)
Back to/Related subjects - Matrix
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Device
AMEL (Active Matrix Electro-Luminescent (Display Technology))
Back to/Related subjects - Matrix
AMI (American Megatrends Inc (Company))
AMLDC (Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (Hi-Res Display Technology))
AMMA (Advanced Memory Management Architecture (Everex Systems))
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
AMP (Attached Media Processor (MPEG Decoding))
Back to/Related subjects - CPU - Media
AMR (Audio/Modem Riser)
Takes Audio and Modem functions off the ISA Bus and seperates analogue functions to a Riser-Board for easier International Approvement.
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
AMS (All Micro Show (Annual Show))
AMS-IX (AMSterdam Internet eXchange)
Dutch version of LINX - London INternet eXchange.
AMV (Acorn Make Utility (Toolkit))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
ANCOVA (ANalysis of COVAriance)
ANDF (Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
ANI (Automatic Number Identification)
ANI
Animated Cursor File extension - .ANI from Microsoft.
ANN (ANNotations (IBM File extension - .ANN))
ANN (Artificial Neural Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
Anonymous FTP
See AFTP
ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAriance)
ANS (Acorn News Service (Mailing List))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - News Server
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
The body that amongst other things, validates the specification for the C language. There is also a character set (See Fonts) that bears their name.
Computers use several different methods for deciding how to put information on your screen and how your Keyboard interacts with the screen. ANSI is one of these "terminal emulation" (See Terminal Emulator) methods. Although most popular on PC-based bulletin-board systems (BBS), it can also be found on some Net Sites. To use it properly, you will first have to turn it on, or enable it, in your communications Software.
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
ANT (Acorn Networking ? (Networking Specialist Company)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
ANX (Automotive Network Exchange (Chrysler/Ford/General Motors))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
AO (Analog Output)
AO/DI (Always On/Dynamic ISDN)
Back to/Related subjects - ISDN
AOCE (Apple Open Collaboration Environment)
AOE (Application Operating Environment)
AOF (Acorn Object Format)
A way/means of storing computer code.
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - Format
AOL (America On-Line)
Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Back to/Related subjects - Online
AOS (Add Or Subtract)
AP (Adjunct Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - CPU
AP (Application Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - CPU
APA (Adaptive Packet Assembly)
Back to/Related subjects - Packet
APA (All Points Addressable)
APA (Arithmetic Processing Accelerator)
APAR (Authorized Program Analysis Report (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Program
APAREN (Address Parity Enable (IBM))
APC (Auto PC (Software))
Intended for in-car computers.
APCS (ARM Procedure Call Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - ARM - Standard
APCUG (Association of PC User Groups)
Back to/Related subjects - PC - User
APDL (Archimedes Public Domain Library)
Back to/Related subjects - PD - PDL
Aperture Grille (Monitors)
Grid of wires, instead of the normal perforated metal sheet used in traditional shadow mask screens. Frees more phosphor,enhances brightness and allows for a darker screen tint.
API (Application Program Interface (Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface
APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (Bus - Intel))
APIS (Advanced Passenger Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
APL (A Programming Language)
Name for an Interpreted Programming Language.
APM (Advanced Power Management)
APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Center (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
APOP (Authenticated Post Office Protocol)
See - POP
APP (APPlication File extension - .APP))
APPC (Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Program
APPI (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet -
Applet
Generally - A small Application, or
A small JAVA Program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java Applications in that they are not allowed to access certain Resources on the local computer,eg. Files and Devices (Modems, Printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a Network. The current rule is that an applet can only make an Internet Connection to the computer from which the applet was sent.
Back to/Related subjects - JDK - JS
Appliance (aka Device)
See
Application
The more general use of this word means any job/task for which the computer may be used, but it has a more specific definition. It is used to refer to a (RISC OS) Directory with a name beginning with a '!' - (Application Directory) which contains a Program or programs that work under RISC OS to perform a particular function. When the application is loaded, it usually makes itself available to the User via an Icon on the righthand side of the IconBar or
A Software program that helps you carry out a particular task, such as a Word Processor (WP) or DataBase (Generally)
Application Directory (RISC OS)
Similar to an ordinary Directory in that it contains other Files and directories but its name starts with an pling (!) so that when you Double Click on the directory, it starts up the Application rather than just opening the directory. To open an application directory, double click with [SHIFT] held down.
Application Suite
The name given to an Application that contains, or is a launch-pad for, a number of different Applications and/or Utilities.
APPN (Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
APPs (APPlications)
See - Application
Apps Icon (aka Applications Suite Icon)
This is an Icon that appears on the lefthand side of the IconBar (RISC OS 3 onwards). It gives access to a range of Applications such as Draw, Paint, etc that are provided in ROM with each Archimedes or Risc PC computer.
APRC (Association of Professional Computer Consultants)
APRP (Adaptive Pattern Recognition Processing)
APS (Advanced Photo System (Digital Cameras))
Back to/Related subjects - System
APS (Advanced Printing Service (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
APS (Asynchronous Protocol Specification)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
APSE (ADA Programming Support Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - ADA - Programming
APT (Address Pass Through)
APT (Advanced Parallel Technology)
APT (Automatically Programmed Tools)
Back to/Related subjects - Programming
ARA (AppleTalk Remote Access)
ARAG (AntiReflective-AntiGlare)
ARAS (AntiReflective-AntiStatic)
ARC (ARChive (File extension - .ARC)
Denotes a File that has been Archived/Compressed.
ARCA (Advanced RISC Computing Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - RISC
Archie
An index of FTP Server. The best known Archie server in the UK is at Imperial College, London and has indexes to hundreds of FTP Sites around the world. If there's a Program you're having trouble in locating, Archie can probably help.
ArcFS (Archive Filing System (RISC OS) ArcFS2)
Filing System used by many magazines and PD Libraries to Compress the Data on the Discs.
Back to/Related subjects - Archive Filing System
Archive
A Backup of some Data or
A File or group of files and/or Directories that have been joined together into a single file and are often Compressed. This reduces the time taken to Transfer the information and also makes it simpler to handle as a single file, or
An Archimedes magazine.
ARCNet (Attached Resource Computer Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
ArcWeb
A RISC OS Web Browser Application.
ARJ
Compressed File - extension .ARJ
ARL (Adjusted Ring Length)
ARLL (Advanced Run Length Limited)
ARM (Acorn RISC Machine)
This is the original name for the 32-bit RISC Processor (CPU) designed by Acorn Computers Ltd. There are different types of ARM processor available. eg ARM250, ARM300, ARM310, ARM600 etc.
Back to/Related subjects - bit
ARM (Annotated Reference Manual)
ARM (Asynchronous Response Mode)
ARM Ltd (Advanced RISC Machine Ltd)
The company formed between Acorn and Apple.
Back to/Related subjects - RISC
ARM Linux
One of two public domain (PD) UNIX clones currently being converted from PCs to run on Acorn machines. The other is RiscBSD. ARM Linux is derived from Linux and RiscBSD from FreeBSD.
ARMA (Association of Records Managers and Administrators)
ARMD (Atapi Removable Media Device)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
Protocol used to map an Internet Address to a MAC address (similar to Ethernet).
Back to/Related subjects - RARP
ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
A predecessor of the Internet. Started in 1969 by the Defence Department.
Back to/Related subjects - Network - USDARPA
ARPL (Adjust Requested Privilege Level)
ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest)
ART (Acorn RISC Technologies)
A subcompany of the Acorn Computer Group.
Back to/Related subjects - RISC
ARTA (Apple Real Time Architecture)
ARTIC (A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - CPU - Interface
Article
A Message which appears on one or more Usenet Newsgroups (NG). Each article has a unique message identifier, which is sometimes quoted in a Followup article. Some News Servers also assign article numbers. These are unique only to that Server, and are meaningless to Users at other Sites.
ARTS (Asynchronous Remote Takeover Server)
Back to/Related subjects - Server
ARTS
Cultural Groups - Internet Domain Name - .ARTS
ARTT (Asynchronous Remote Takeover Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
ARU (Audio Response Unit)
AS (Abstract Syntax)
A description of a Data structure that is independant of machine-orientated structures and encodings. A type of data structure that can be implemented across several Platforms and Operating Systems.
AS (Autonomous System (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - System
AS/U (Advanced Server for Unix)
Back to/Related subjects - Server - UNIX
AS3AP (ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable aka ASSSAP)
Back to/Related subjects - ANSI - SQL - Standard
AS/400 (Application System/400 (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - System
ASA (Advertising Standards Authority)
ASAI (Adjunct Switch Application Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface
ASAP (Automatic Switching And Processing)
ASC (Auto Size & Centering (Monitors))
Screen display set-up.
ASC (ASCII (text File extension - .ASC))
ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (IBM))
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
This is the most commonly used code for representing text using 8-bit Binary numbers - although strictly it is only a 7-bit code, or
A method, or Protocol for copying Files from one computer to another over a Network, in which neither computer checks for any errors that might have been caused by static or other problems. A plain-text Standard. eg. Edit (RISC OS) files are ASCII.
the de facto world-wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the upper (LC) Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by a 7 digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111.
Back to/Related subjects - bit
ASCII Graphics
It is possible, using ASCII Characters to draw rudimentary picture although it only works if the text is viewed using mono-spaced type.
ASD (Automatic Skip Driver (W98 Agent) Process that takes a note of what action causes a failure on start-up, and skips it on subsequent start-ups.
ASE (Association for Science Education)
ASF (Active Streaming Format (Microsoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Format
ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)
A single chip electronic circuit that is specially designed (by computer simulation) for a particular Application. eg. To provide the logic needed to Interface (F) a '486 Processor' (CPU) on a Risc PC second processor card to the main ARM600 processor and its Address and Data Buses.
ASIT (Advanced Security and Identification Technology)
ASL (Adaptive Speed Levelling)
ASLM (Apple Shared Library Manager (Mac))
Back to/Related subjects - Library
ASM (ASseMbler)
Assembler Source Language File extension - .ASM)
ASMP (ASymmetric MultiProcessing)
ASN (Abstract Syntax Notation)
Back to/Related subjects - Syntax/Parameter
ASN (Autonomous System Number)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation 1)
The language used by OSI Protocols for describing Abstract Syntax. The language is also used to encode SNMP packets.
ASO (Automated Systems Operations)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ASP (Active Server Page (Web Page Authoring))
For Web-Based Applications
ASP
File extension - .ASP
ASP (Association of Shareware Professionals (USA?))
ASP (Authorized Service Provider)
Back to/Related subjects - ISP
ASPI (Advanced SCSI Programmers/Programming Interface)
This is a Software Interface (IF) designed by Adaptec that relieves manufacturers of SCSI Devices of having to write specific Drivers for each and every SCSI interface that the Device has to work with.
Back to/Related subjects - Program
ASPS (Advanced Signal Processing System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ASR (Address Space Register)
ASR (Automatic Send-Receive (Comms))
ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition)
ASSSAP (ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable aka AS3AP)
Back to/Related subjects - ANSI - SQL - Standard
Assembler
A Compiler for converting a Program written in Mnemonics into a machine code executable program.
AST
AST Research Inc (Company). Named from first initials of the founders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen.
ASYNC (ASYNChronous)
AT (Advanced Technology)
AT (ATtention)
AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph (Company))
ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
The control electronics used to run attachments such as Hard-Drives HD, CD-ROM etc.
ATAPI (Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) Packet Interface)
A development of the IDE Standard allowing CD-ROM drives, Scanners, etc to be connected more easily.
Back to/Related subjects - ATA - IF
ATDMA (Asynchronous Time Division Multi-plexing Access (Comms))
ATDP (ATtention Dial Pulse)
ATDT (ATtention Dial Tone dialing (Modem))
ATE (Automated Test Equipment)
ATG (Advanced Technology Group)
ATH (ATtention Hang-up (Modem command))
ATI/IDE (Advanced Technology Interface/Integrated Drive Electronics aka Embedded AT)
Back to/Related subjects - IF -
ATL (Active Template Library (DTP/Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - Template
ATM (Adobe Type Manager)
ATM (Applied Technologies Manufacturing (Company))
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Method/Mode)
A Method of Data Transfer between computers via telephone lines. A high speed data connection often used in large Networks and as part of the Internet Backbone.
ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
ATMC (Asynchronous Transfer Mode Chip aka ATM Chip)
Back to/Related subjects - Transfer
ATOMM (Advanced super-Thin layer and high Output Metal Media technology (Disc Technology))
Data storage (Disc) technology from Fujifilm.
Back to/Related subjects - Media
ATPS (AppleTalk Printing Services (Mac))
ATR (ATtRibute aka ATTRIB)
ATR (Automatic Terminal Recognition)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
ATS (Administrative Terminal System)
Back to/Related subjects - System - Terminal
ATS (Advanced Television Services)
ATS (Apple Terminal Services)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
ATTN (ATTentioN)
ATTRIB (ATTRIBute aka ATR)
ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended (Intel))
ATZ (ATtention Z)
Modem command to Restore Configuration profile from nonvolatile RAM
AU (Acorn User (magazine))
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
AU (AUdio (File extension - .AU))
AUCE (Advisory Unit for Computers in Education)
AUDIT (AUtomated Data Input Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Terminal
AUI (Attachment/Autonomous Unit Interface)Back to/Related subjects - Interface
AUN (Acorn Universal Networking)
A System for linking Acorn computers, and others, together via networks. It covers the full range of Acorn networking products which will work across Ethernet networks, or
to refer to the Protocols used to access a Level 4 file Server, and to run a number of other Network Programs, across an Ethernet network. In effect, this involves implementing the protocols written for the older Econet network Hardware on an Ethernet.
AUP (Acceptable Use Policy (Internet))
A statement by an ISP of the allowable uses of an account with them. ie Rules and Regulations.
AUTO (AUTOmatic)
Auto-Start(RISC OS)
You can Configure your computer so that some (or all) of the ROM Applications in the Apps Directory will Automatically start when you switch on your computer.
AUTOEXEC (AUTOmatic EXECution)
AUX (AUXiliary)
AUX
Name given to the First Serial Port ie Auxiliary Port.
AV (Audi/Video aka A/V)
AV (Audio Visual aka A/V)
AV (Authenticity Verification)
AVA (Audio Visual Aid)
AVA (Audio Visual Authoring (IBM))
AVC (Audio Visual Connection (IBM))
AVD (Alternating Voice and Data (Comms))
AVG (AVeraGe)
AVI (Audio Visual Interleave (Microsoft))
AVR (Automatic Voice Recognition)
AVT (Applied Voice Technology)
AW (Archimedes World - magazine)
AWE (Advanced Wave Effects (Creative Labs))
AWG (American Wire Guage)
AWK
Unix language named after its authors - Al Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan.
AWS (Advanced Workstations and Systems (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit (Java)
Back to/Related subjects - Window
AWxx (Acorn-World xx (Computer Show 19xx.) eg. AW97)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
AX (Architecture eXtended)
AX (Automatic Transmission (Comms))

Start-A

-B-

C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


B-CHANNEL (Bearer CHANNEL)
B/F (Background/Foreground)
B2X (Binary 2 (To) heXadecimal aka BinHex)
See - BinHex
BABT (British Approvals Board for Telecomunications)
The Standard for telecoms equipment that can be used in UK.
BACC (British Association of Computer Clubs)
Back Icon
The Icon at the top left-hand corner of a Window (RISC OS) which allows you to push the window to the back of the Desktop window stack, ie. behind all the other windows.
Back-Up (aka Backup)
A copy of an important File or Directory, or
Duplication of the structure of the information on a whole Disc.
Back to/Related subjects - Destination Disc - Source Disc
Backbone
A high-speed interconnection carrying large volumes of Data traffic to more local, slower speed interconnections. In the U.S., the backbone of the Internet is often considered the NSFNet, a government funded link between a handful of supercomputer Sites across the country, or
A (Main) Network cable to which small, self-contained networks can be attached.
Backdrop aka Wallpaper
This is a Desktop background which may be covered with a Sprite/Image, a pattern, or even just a colour. It can be Tiled or Scaled to fill the background, or Centred
Backplane
A small printed circuit board (PCB) with connectors on it that allows you to plug in a number of Expansion Cards.
BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
BAK
A suffix (File extensuon) for filenames indicating a backed-up File - .BAK (DOS),also
.B~K and
.BK! used by WordPerfect.
Back to/Related subjects - Backup
BAK (Binary Adaptation Kit (Microsoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BAL (Basic Assembly Language (Programming))
BALUN (Balanced Unbalanced (Device))
BAM (Boyan Action Module)
Back to/Related subjects - Module
Banding (Printing)
Horizontal lines that sometimes appear when printing graphics. This can occur when the print-head is mis-aligned.
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
Bandwidth
The (potential maximum) rate at which Data can be sent through any given data Connection. Usually expressed in bits per second (bps See Baud)) or Mbit/s (megabits per second).
A full page of ASCII text is about 16,000 bits. A fast Modem can move about 15,000 bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video would require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on Compression.
BARTS (Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing)
BARUG (Bristol Acorn Risc User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - RISC - User
BAS (BASic Language (File extension - .BAS))
BASDA (Business & Accounting Software Developers Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
BASH (Bourne Again SHell (Processing - LINUX/UNIX))
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbol/Symbolic Instruction Code)
A commonly-used interpreted High Level Language (HLL). It comes as standard on all Acorn computers.
BASIL (BAsic Shared Installed Library (Manager Module))
Back to/Related subjects - Library
BASM (Built-in ASseMbler)Back to/Related subjects - Assembler
BAT (BATch processing (File extension - .BAT))
BAT (Block Address Translation)
(B)AU (BBC) Acorn User (magazine)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
Baud
This is a unit of speed for Serial Data transmission (telecommunications).
Rough definition...1 baud = 1 Binary bit per second. 1 Kilobaud (Kbaud) is 1024 bits/second = 128 bytes/sec (assuming 8 bits per Byte). However, over a telephone line, because each byte tends to have associated 'start' and 'stop' bits, 1 Kilobaud is more like 100 bytes/sec or 6Kbytes/minute. On this basis, a high speed Modem at 28.8 Kbaud can transmit about 3Kbytes/sec or 200Kbytes/minute, however, using Compression techniques, this can be increased somewhat. The more expensive modems use Systems, such as Microcom Network Protocol (MNP), which can correct for errors and which compress data to speed up transmission.
To be more technically correct... Baud is not the same as bits per second (bps) but is 'the number of discrete conditions or signal elements transmitted per second. eg. V.22bis is transmitted at 600 baud, but 2400 bps. This is because it is using what is called PSK (Phase Shift Keying). Here you can have each baud in four different phases: 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. So, for each baud you can have four different states, and this means you can transmit 4 bits per second per baud
Back to/Related subjects - FDDI - Network - Protocol
BAUG (Bottisham Acorn Users Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - Users
BBS (Bulletin Board Service/System)
A Bulletin Board is an Application DataBase run on a computer which stores information and Messages that can be accessed by other computers, usually via a telephone line using a Modem. Many bulletin boards allow a number of other computers to connect to the Host computer at the same time by using a number of different modems and phone lines, also
A computerised meeting and announcement System that allows people to carry on discussions, Upload (UL) and Download (DL) Files, and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time.
Back to/Related subjects - CIX
BCC (Blind Carbon Copy (Email))
Utility allowing a copy to be sent to another Address without the main recipient knowing that a copy has been sent.
BCC (Block Check Character)
Back to/Related subjects - Character
BCC (British Computer Society)
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
An Algorythm/function that makes conversion between Binary and decimal numbers easier.
BCL (Batch Command Language)
BCN (BeaCoN)
BCP (Best Current Practice)
BCP (Bulk Copy Program)Back to/Related subjects - Program
BCPL (Basic Computer Programming Language)Back to/Related subjects - BASIC - Program
BCR (Byte Count Register)Back to/Related subjects - Byte
BCS (Bar-Code Sorter)
BDA (Bios Data Area)Back to/Related subjects - BIOS - Data
BDB (British Digital Broadcasting (Company))
Formed by Granada and Carlton.
BDC (Backup Domain Controller (Data Backup))
Back to/Related subjects - Domain
BDE (Borland Database Engine (aka IDAPI))
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
BDLS (Bidirectional Loop Switching)
BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System)
More commonly known as DOS (Disk Operating System)
BDR (Bus Device Request)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - Device
BDS (Business Dial-up Service (Demon)
Back to/Related subjects - ISP
BDSL (Broadband aDSL)
Back to/Related subjects - ADSL
BDT (BASIC Debugging Tool (RISC OS Software))
Back to/Related subjects - BASIC
BDU (Business Dial-Up (Service))
BE (Below or Equal aka <= )
BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification)
BEDO (Burst Extended Data Out)
Type of Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
BEL (BELl)
BELLCORE (BELL COmmunications REsearch)
BER (Basic Encoding Rules)
BER (Bit Error Rate)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BERT (Bit Error Rate Test/Tester)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BETT (British Education Teaching Technology)
An annual information technology show for teachers.
Bezier curves
Mathematically defined curves used (amongst other things) by RISC OS to create outline Font shapes.
BF (Bad Flag (Programming))
BFF (Binary File Format (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Binary - File - Format
BFT (Binary File Transfer)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary - File - Transfer
BFTP (Batch FTP)
Back to/Related subjects - FTP
BGA (Ball Grid Array)
BGCOLOR (BackGround COLOR (HTML Code))
BGE (Branch if Greater or Equal (Programming))
BGI (Borland Graphic Interface (File extension - .BGI))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway - Protocol
BGT (Branch if Greater Than (Programming))
BHI (Branch if HIgher (Programming))
BHIS (Branch if HIgher or Same (Programming))
BHP (Brutal Horse Power (Game))
BI (Binary Input)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BIAB (Band In A Box (Music/Sound Database - Software)
BIB (BIBliography (File extension - .BIB))
BIB (British Interactive Broadcasting (Digital TV))
e-business utility.
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
BiDi (Bi-Directional)
BIFET (BIpolar Field Effect Transistor)
BIFF (Binary Interchange File Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary - File - Format
Big Eight The (Formerly The Big Seven)
The main Usenet hierarchies: comp, humanities, misc, news, rec, sci, soc and talk. (Humanities was added in 1995, so you may see still references to the Big Seven.
Big Seven The
The main Usenet hierarchies: comp, misc, news, rec, sci, soc and talk. Now The Big Eight as humanities was added in 1995.
BIM (Beginning of Information Marker)
BIN (Binary (File extension - .BIN))
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
Binary
The number system (base 2) used as the basis of most computer Systems, using the digits 0 and 1.
Back to/Related subjects - Hex
Binary Data (File)
Data that consists of more than just textual information. Alphanumeric text can be represented using a limited range of ASCII codes from 32 to 127 with some of the numbers below 32 used as control codes such as 10 for linefeed and 12 for formfeed/clear screen. Binary data, by contrast, uses all the codes 0 to 255 and, if it were transmitted as if it were a text file, the control codes could have all sorts of undesired effects. Other techniques therefore have to be used for its transmission, eg. Uuencoding.
BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain - Internet
BINHEX (BINary HEXadecimal aka B2X)
A method for converting non-text Files (non-ASCII) into ASCII . This is needed because Internet Email can only handle ASCII.
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
This is the part of a PC compatible's Operating System (OS) that is held in ROM, allowing the computer to start up and load the rest of its operating system from Disc. It effectively tells the operating system exactly what Hardware components the PC has. (Note - RISC OS computers have the whole of the operating system, plus a few extra goodies, held in ROM and are available at switch-on.)
BIS (Business Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
BISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network aka Broadband ISDN)
See - ISDN
BIST (Built-In Self-Test)
BiSYNC (Binary SYNChronous communications (Protocol) aka BSYNC)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BIT (BInary digiT)
A bit is the smallest unit of Binary Data. It has two values, 0 and 1. A group of 8 bits of data (referred to as a Byte) could be used to represent a single Character using, most commonly, the ASCII code, or
It could represent (part of) an instruction that the computer would execute at some stage, or
It could represent (part of) a number.
Bit-Mapped (graphics)
It is possible to represent a picture on a computer by using a Matrix of (coloured) dots. The Resolution of bit-mapped pictures is limited by the numbers of dots used. This contrasts with Vector Graphics. The (RISC OS) !Paint Application produces Bit-Mapped Graphics (Sprites) whereas (RISC OS) !Draw produces vector graphics.
Back to/Related subjects - bit
BITNet (Because It's Time Network aka Because It's There Network aka Bitnet)
The Amercian academic Network, the equivalent of Janet in the UK, seperate from the Internet. It is based on IBM mainframes, and therefore uses EBCDIC Character codes, and running the VMSOS.
Back to/Related subjects - List Server
BITNIC (Bitnet Network Information Center)
BIU (Bus Interface Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - Interface
BIX (Byte Information eXchange (BBS)
Back to/Related subjects - Byte
BIZ.
Business - Usenet Newsgroup Category
BJ (BubbleJet (Printer))
This is a type of inkjet Printer where the patterns on the paper are generated by squirting ink through a series of tiny nozzles in the print head. Functionally, it is the same as an inkjet Printer. The ink near the end of the nozzle is heated so that it expands and squirts a small volume of ink out onto the paper.
Back to/Related subjects - Bubblejet
BKSP (BacKSPace aka BS)
BL (BackLit)
BL (Bit Line)
Blanking (aka Screen-Blanking)
See - Screen-Blanking
BLAST (BLocked ASynchronous Transmission (Protocol)
Communications Research Group.
BLD (Basic LoaD (graphics File extension - .BLD))
BLE (Branch if Less or Equal)
BLER (BLock ERror)
BLK (BLocK)
BLMC (Buried Logic MacroCell)
BLOB (Binary Large OBject)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BLOS (Branch if Lower Or Same)
BMI (Branch if MInus)
BMIC (BusMaster Interface Controller (Intel))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
BMP (Basic Mapping Support)
BMP (Basic Multi-Lingual Plane (Character Encoding - Fonts))
BMP (Batch Message Processing)
BMP (BitMaP (File extension - .BMP))
BNC (Bayonet Network Connector/Connection)
The bayonet-type (push-and-twist) connectors used in Ethernet/Network installations or Video Monitors.
Originally named after the type and inventor - Bayonet Neill-Concelman but moreccommonly known as Bayonet Network Connector.
Back to/Related subjects - Connection
BNE (Branch if Not Equal)
BNF (Backus-Naur Form aka Backus-Normal Form)
Developed by John Backus and Peter Naur.
BNS (Backbone Network Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Backbone - Network
BO (Binary Output)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BoB (Break-out Box)
BOC (Basic Operator Console)
BOF (Beginning Of File)
Back to/Related subjects - File
BOM (Beginning Of Message)
BOND (Bandwidth On Demand)
BOOT
Abbreviation for BOOTstrap, the name given to an automatic Program loading process when a computer is switched on, or a program run.
BOOTP )Bootstrap Protocol aka BOOT Protocol (Internet Protocol))
BOPS (Billion Operations Per Second)
BORPQU (BORland Pro QUattro)
BORQU (BORland QUattro)
BOS (Basic Operating System)
See - Operating System
BOT (Beginning Of Table)
BOT (Beginning of Tape)
Bot (Ro-Bot (Internet))
An artificial intelligence (AI) usually found masquerading as a human User, carrying out repetitive or tedious tasks like responding to Email.
Bounce
An item of Email is said to have bounced when it fails to find its recipient and is returned to the sender, sometimes with a Message explaining why it was unable to be delivered.
BOW (Birds Of War (Game))
BP (Base Pointer)
BPB (Bios Parameter Block)
Back to/Related subjects - BIOS - Parameter
BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Bridge - Data - Protocol
BPI (Bits Per Inch)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BPL (Branch if PLus)
Bpp (Bits per pixel)
The number of bits used to store the colour of each Pixel.
bps (bits per second or bytes per second)
See - Baud - bit - Byte
BR (Bad Register)
BRGC (Binary Reflected Gray Code)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BRI (Basic Rate Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
BRI (Basic Rate ISDN)
See - ISDN
BRI (Brain Response Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
Bridge
A computer or other dedicated Hardware that links two networks of the same type together and does some filtering of Packets from one Network to the other and vice versa.
Brightness (Printing)
The lightness or darkness of an image.
Browser
See - Web Browser
BS (BackSpace aka BKSP)
BSA (Business Software Alliance)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
BSAM (Basic Sequential Access Method)
BSC (Binary Synchronous Communication)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BSC (Boyan SCript (File extension - .BSC))
Boyan Communications.
BSCS (Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer Science)
BSD (Berkely Software/Standard Distribution)
BSF (Bit Scan Forward)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BSI (British Standards Institute)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
BSP (Bulk Synchronous Parallelism)
BSR (Bit Scan Reverse)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BSS (Block Snap-Shot (Spreadsheets))
BSS (Block Started by Symbol)
BSV (BASIC SaVe (Graphics (File extension - .BSV)
BSY (BuSY (Comms))
BSYNC (Binary SYNChronous aka BiSYNC (Communications Protocol))
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
BT (Bit Test)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BTAM (Basic Telecommunications Access Method (IBM))
BTB (Branch Target Buffer)
Back to/Related subjects - Buffer
BTC (Bit Test and Complement)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BTOA (Binary To Ascii)
Back to/Related subjects - ASCII - Binary
BTP (Batch Transfer Program)
Back to/Related subjects - Program - Transfer
BTR (Bit Test and Reset)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BTS (Bit Test and Set)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
BU (Branch Unit)
Bubblejet (Printer)
See - BJ
BUBL (BUlletin Board for Libraries (Janet))
Back to/Related subjects - BBS
BUF (BUFfer)
Buffer (aka BUF aka Cache)
An area of Memory that temporarily stores Data during information Transfer.
Bug
An Error in a computer Program.
Bullet
A large black dot - - used to highlight something within some text.
Bulletin Board (aka BBS)
See - BBS.
BUS (Broadcast and Unknown Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Server
Bus
A set of Parallel wires or PCB tracks along which Data is transmitted in a computer System. The width of the bus refers to the number of parallel tracks, the wider the bus, the faster data can be transmitted down/along/across it.
Bus Master IDE
Facility provided by PDX element of Triton chipset to effect Data Transfers from Disk to Memory with minimum intervention by the CPU, saving its power for other tasks.
Back to/Related subjects - IDE - Bus
BVH (Base Video Handler)
BWM (Block-Write Mode)
Byte (aka octet)
A byte refers to 8 bits of Binary Data stored within a computer's Memory or on a data storage Medium.
Back to/Related subjects - bit - Gb - Kb - Mb - Tb

Start-A-B

-C-

D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


C
A high level compiled Programming language available for many Platforms.
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler
C
C source code File extension - .C
C++
This is an object-oriented version of the C computer Programming language. The next stage on from, but similar to, C.
Back to/Related subjects - OOL - OOP
C2D (Character To Decimal)
Back to/Related subjects - Character
C2X (Character To Hexadecimal)
C/D Control Data aka CD)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
C/S (Client/Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Server
C&T (Chips and Technologies)
CA (Certificate Authority (Body))
Issues secure certificates (SC) for Web-Sites and SSL Connections.
CA (Collision Avoidance)
CAB (CABinet (File extension - .CAB (Microsoft))
Cache Buffer)
An area of RAM set aside for the fast storage and retrieval of a certain type of Data eg. Font, primary, secondary cache etc. All Acorn computers since the A5000 have had a cache incorporated into the Processor (CPU), giving a massive improvement in performance. The ARM 2 and ARM 250 don't have a cache. also
On the Internet Web Pages are stored temporarily in your Browser's cache Directory on your Hard Disc. If you return to a page, the browser pulls the page from the cache. This is much quicker than loading it again from the Internet.
Cache-hit
When the Processor (CPU) can read from the Cache and no Wait-States are generated.
Cache-miss
When Memory location is not in the Cache and the Processor (CPU) has to wait (Wait-State) while Data is fetched from RAM.
CAD (Computer Aided Design)
A computer-based Application that allows Users to draw, design and model engineering objects.
CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing process)
CADD (Computer Aided Design and Drafting)
CADE (Client/server Application Development Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Client - Server
CAE (Client Application Enabler)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Client
CAE (Common Applications Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)
CAEX (Computer Aided Exploration)
CAG (Column Address Generator)
CAI (Computer Aided Instruction)
CAIRN (Collaborative Advanced Interagency Research Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CAL (CALendar)
CAL (Client Access Licence (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Client
CAL (Computer Aided Learning)
Caller ID (Caller IDentification aka Call Line Identification (CLI)-(Comms))
CALS (Computer-aided Acquisition in Logistic Support)
CAM (Common Access Method (HD Technology))
CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)
CAM (Contents Addressable Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
Camino
New Motherboard chipset from Intel AKA A20.
CAN (CANcel)
CAP (CAPture (File extension - .CAP))
CAP (Carrierless Amplitude and Phase-Modulation)
CAP (Carrierless Amplitude Phase (Comms))
CAP (Central Arbitration Point)
CAP (Communication Application Platform)
CAP (Competitive Access Provider)
CAP (Computer Aided Publishing)
CAPD (Computing to Assist Persons with Disabilities (Johns Hopkins University))
CAPE (Concurrent Art-to-Product Environment)
Caps
Abbreviation for 'Capitals' as in Capital Letters (CL) aka Upper Case (UC)
Back to/Related subjects - CapsLock - Lower Case (LC)
CAPS (CAssette Programming System)
Back to/Related subjects - Programming - System
Capslock Key aka Caps Lock Key
This is a key on the lefthand side of the Keyboard. When it is pressed and the Capslock/Caps Lock light comes on, all text typed into the keyboard appears in Upper-Case (UC). ie. Capital Letters (CL).
Back to/Related subjects - Caps - Lower Case (LC)
Cardbus
32bit Expansion Slot for Notebooks.
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
Caret (aka Cursor)
A (normally) red vertical bar in a screen display that marks the point at which text will appear if it is typed in from the Keyboard.
CARL (Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (Internet))
Carrier
The tone generated by a Modem, on which Data is carried.
CAS (Column Address Select)
CAS (Communications Application Specification)
CAS (Computer Aided Styling)
CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering (Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
CASL (Crosstalk Application Scripting Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
CASS (Computer Assisted Search Service)
CASSIS (Classified and Search Support Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CAT (CATalogue)
Command that lists a Catalogue of the current Directory or storage Device, also
File extension - .CAT
CAT (Computer Adaptive Test)
CAT (Computer Aided Tomography)
CAT (Computer Aided Transcription)
CAT (ConcATenate)
CAT SCAN (Computerized Axial Tomography SCAN)
CATS (Computer Assisted Training System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CATV (Community Antenna TeleVision)
The original name for what is now known as Cable TV.
CAU (Controlled Access Unit)
CAUCE (Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
CAUSE (Campaign Against Un-Solicited Email)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
CAUG (C Acorn Users Group)
Back to/Related subjects - C - Acorn - User
CAUG (Christian Acorn User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - Users
CAV (Constant Angular Velocity (CD-ROMs))
Drives that spin at a constant speed giving Transfer rates betwen 14x-32x depending where the laser pickup (head) happens to be reading the disk.
Back to/Related subjects - VAV
CBC (Cipher Block Chaining)
CBCP (Call Back Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
CBCR (Channel Byte Count Register)
Back to/Related subjects - Byte
CBDS (Connectionless Broadband Data Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CBEMA (Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association)
CBF (Computer Based Fax (Hardware))
Back to/Related subjects - Fax
CBGA (Ceramic Ball Grid Array)
CBI (Computer Based Instruction)
CBI (Computer Based Instrumentation)
CBL (COBol (source code File extension - .CBL)
Back to/Related subjects - COBOL
CBL (Computer Based Learning)
CBMS (Computer-Based Mail System)
CBR (Case Based Reasoning (AI)
CBR (Constant Bit Rate)
Back to/Related subjects - Bit
CBT (Computer Based Training)
CBW (Convert Byte to Word)
Back to/Related subjects - Byte
CBX (Computer-controlled Branch eXchange)
CC (Carbon Copy (Email))
Utility allowing a further copy of the mail to be sent to another Address.
CC (Cluster Controller)
CC (Computer Concepts (Company))
CCA (Cable Communications Association)
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device/Display (Display Technology))
Back to/Related subjects - Device
CCFT (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube)
CCI (Common Client Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Interface
CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique)
International body (Committee) that ratifies recommendations for International Telecom Standards.
CCL (Connection/Cursor Control Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Connection - Cursor/Caret
CCP (Compression Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Compress - Protocol
CCP (Console Command Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor (CPU)
CCRP (Common Controls Replacement Project (Group))
CCS (Color Calibration System (File extension - .CCS))
CCS (Common Command Set)
CCS (Common Communications Services)
CCS (Common Communications Support)
CCS (Continuous Composite Servo)
CCS (Creative Curriculum Software (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
CCSD (Cellular Circuit-Switched Data)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CCTA (Central Computer Telecommunications Agency)
CCU (Computer Crime Unit)
Unit created to combat Hacking/Spam etc.
CD (Carrier Detect (Serial Port Code))
CD (Change Directory (DOS command))
CD (Collision Detection)
CD (Colour Display)
CD (Control Data aka C/D)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CD (Compact Disc)
A high density digital storage Medium originally intended for hi-fi sound reproduction but now applied to storage of text and image Data for various computer Applications.
CD+G (Compact Disc + Graphics)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CD_CHRDY (CarD CHannel ReaDY (IBM))
CD-DA (Compact Disc - Digital Audio (Red Book Format))
Standard Audio CD's.
CD-E (Compact Disc - Erasable)
Back to/Related subjects - CD - Interactive
CD-I (Compact Disc - Interactive)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CD-MO (Compact Disc - Magneto Optical)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable)
Type of CD that can be recorded only once.
CD-R FS (Compact Disc-Recordable File/Filing System)
Back to/Related subjects - CD - File - Filing System
CD-RDx (Compact Disc - Rom Data exchange (Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - CD - ROM
CD-V (Compact Disc - Video)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CD-WO (Compact Disc - Write Once)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory (Yellow Book Format))
A CD used for the storage of computer Data. It is called a ROM to emphasise that the data on the Disc, once written in the manufacturing stage, cannot be modified.
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
CD-RTOS (Compact Disc - Real Time Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - CD - OS
CD-ROM XA (CD-ROM eXtended Architecture aka YBXA)
Back to/Related subjects - CD-ROM - YBXA
CD-RW (Compact Disc-ReWriteable)
Type of CD that can be recorded 100s of times.
CD-XA (Compact Disc - eXtended Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - CD
CDA (Compound Document Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
CDAS (CD Audio Support (Module)
CDC (Control Data Corporation)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CDDI (Copper Distributed Data Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Interface
CDE (Common Desktop Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
CDE (CD Extra (CD Format))
CD's containing CD-ROM XA and CD-ROM DA (See CD-DA) Formats. aka Multi-Media (MM) CD's.
CDE (Complex Data Entry)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CDF (Channel Definition Format (XML))
Back to/Related subjects - Format - XML
CDF (Comma Delimited Format (File extension - .CDF)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
CDFS (Compact Disc Filing System)
Used for accessing CD-ROMs.
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System
CDIA (Certified Document Imaging Architect)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
CDL (Computer Design Language)
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access (Comms))
Also Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)
CDMF (Commercial Data Masking Facility (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CDOS (Concurrent Disc Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - DOS
CDP (Compact Disc Plus (CD Blue Book Standard) aka Enhanced CD or ECD)
CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Packet
CDR (Call Detail Record)
CDR (Call Detail Recording)
CDRL (Contract Data Requirements List)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CDS (Current Directory Structure)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
CDSA (Common Data Security Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CDSL (Consumer Digital Subscriber Line aka Consumer DSL (Rockwell Comms System))
Back to/Related subjects - DSL
CDT (Cambridge Display Technology (Company))
CDT (Corel Draw Template (File extension - .CDT))
CDT (Craft Design and Technology)
CDX (Compound inDeX (File extension - .CDX))
CE (Cache Enable)
Back to/Related subjects - Cache
CE (Chip Enable)
CE (Collision Elimination)
CE (Convert Enable)
CEG (Continuous Edge Graphics)
CEI (Conducted Electromagnetic Interference)
CELP (Card Edge Low Profile (Intel socket))
CELP (Code Excites Linear Prediction)
Compression Algorythm for Sound Samples.
CEMS (Constituent Electronic Mail System (Email System)
Centred
An option when creating a Backdrop/Wallpaper, to have an image/pattern at full size in the centre of the screen, or
A Format option for text/graphics (DTP etc)
Back to/Related subjects - Scaled - Tiled
Centronics
The company that invented the Parallel Port of the same name.
CEOP (Conditional End Of Page)
CEPS (Common Electronic Purse Specifications (Smart Cards))
CER (Canonical Encoding Rules)
CERN (Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire)
European Particle Physics Laboratory.
CERT (Computer Emergency Response Team)
A group dedicated to raising awareness of computer security issues and responding to security incidents.
CES (Consumer Electronics Show (US Annual Show))
CF (Compact Flash (Digital Camera Memory Card)
CFA (Compact Flash Association (Digital Cameras))
CFA (Consumer Federation of America)
CFB (Cipher FeedBack)
CFB (Configurable Function Block)
CFG (ConFiGuration (File extension - .CFG))
CFI (Campaign for Freedom of Information (Internet))
CFM (Code Fragment Manager (Mac))
CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute)
CFR (Computerized Facial Recognition)
CFS (Caching/Common File System)
Back to/Related subjects - FS
CFS (Compression Filing System)
This is a way of accessing a Data storage System through a Compression/decompression system such that it is transparent to the User. ie. The user need hardly know that the data is being compressed and decompressed, but just sees it as being read from and written to the storage Device.
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System
CFSFC (Campaign For Smaller Faster Code)
Small Programming Group, who write FreeWare (FW) and ShareWare (SW) Software that is small and fast.
CFSI (Change Floyd Steinberg Integer (aka ChangeFSI))
A RISC OS Program used for converting and displaying image Files of various Formats. Provides the ability to read, scale the Data to improve the picture, change the width or height, sharpen the picture, and write the result using Error Diffusion Dithering in one step, for the best quality.
CFV (Call For Votes (Bitnet))
CG (Control Gate)
CGA (Colour Graphics Adapter)
CGA
A graphics Resolution used primarily on IBM PCs and their clones.
CGE (Common Graphics Environment)
CGI (Common Gateway Interface (Networking))
A semi-Standard method allowing HTTP Servers to execute and return the results of Programs. Also
A type of script that runs on Web Servers, used for feedback forms etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF)
CGI-BIN
The common name for a Directory on a Web Server in which CGI Programs are stored. The -BIN refers to Binary, because at one time most programs were referred to as binaries, although now, most programs found in cgi-bin directories are text Files (scripts) that are executed by binaries located elsewhere on the same machine.
CGI (Computer Generated Images)
CGI (Computer Graphics Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile (File extension - .CGM))
Also File extension for Lotus 1/2/3 Graph-files.
CGS (Continuous-Grain Silicon (Chip Technology))
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (Networking)).
Back to/Related subjects - Handshake - Protocol
CHAR (CHARacter aka CHR)
Character
A member of a set of elements used for the organisation, control or representation of Data.
Character Encoding(Fonts)
Sequence of one or more Encodings that may be used to describe an individual Character.
Character Set (aka Fonts)
See - Fonts
CHAT (Conversational Hypertext Access Technology (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Hypertext
Chat Room
A Virtual Room on the Internet where people go "chat" with other people. These rooms now number in the thousands and are usually organized by topic. For example in a Microsoft Room you would expect that most of the participants in the room use Microsoft, or a Star Trek room, where the participants are Star Trek fans. When in a Chat Room you can view all of the conversations taking place at once on your screen. You can also get into a private chat room where only you and one or two others may talk privately.
Back to/Related subjects - IRC
CHCK (CHannel ChecK)
CHCP (CHange Code Page)
CHDIR (CHange DIRectory (DOS command))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
CHFN (CHange FiNger (Comms - UNIX))
CHGRP (CHange GRouP)
CHK
A File extension - .CHK for CHKDSK file
CHKDSK (CHecK DiSK (DOS command))
Back to/Related subjects - Disk
CHMOD (CHange MoDe)
Back to/Related subjects - Screen Mode
CHOWN (CHange OWNer)
CHP (CHaPter)
CHR (CHaRacter aka CHAR)
CHRP (Common Hardware Reference Platform)
Back to/Related subjects - HardWare - Platform
CHS (Cylinder Head Sector or Cylinders, Heads and Sectors (Hard Discs Technology))
CI (Component Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
CIA (Current Instruction Address)
CIAC (Computer Incident Advisory Capability)
CICS/VS (Customer Information Control System/Virtual Storage (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CID (Charge-Injection Device)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
CID (Configuration-Installation-Distribution)
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain - Router
CIF (Common Interchange/Intermediate Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
CIF (Crystallographic Information File)
Back to/Related subjects - File
CIF (Customer Information Feed)
CIFS (Common Internet File System)
Back to/Related subjects - FS - Internet
CIM (Common Information Model)
CIM (CompuServe Information Manager)
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)
CIO (Chief Information Officer)
CIOCS (Communication Input/Output Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CIP (Command Interface Port)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Port
CIP (Common Indexing Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
CIR (Committed Information Rate)
CIRC (CIRCular reference)
CIRC (Cross Interleaved Reed-solomon Code)
CD error detection.
CIS (Card Information Structure)
CIS (Client Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - System
CIS (CompuServe Information Service aka CI$)
CIS (Computer Information Systems)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CIS (Contact Image Sensor (Scanners))
CIS (Customer Information Service/System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer/Chip)
The chip that makes PCs work. eg. 486, Pentium. Performs complex instructions fairly slowly.
Back to/Related subjects - RISC.
CIVR (Computer and Interactive Voice Response)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
CIX (Commercial Internet eXchange)
An agreement among Internet Service Providers (ISPs) on the commercial use of the Internet.
CIX (Compulink Information eXchange)
A major UK BBS.
CJLI (Command Job Language Interpreter)
CK (Concept Keyboard)
An input Device consisting of a flat panel, usually A4 or A3 sized, that has a Matrix of pressure switches below the surface. Different sheets, called overlays, can be placed on top of the panel to show the User which areas to press to get certain responses from the Application Software that is currently running. They are particularly useful in primary school or special needs situations.
Back to/Related subjects - Concept Keyboard - Keyboard
CKD (Count Key Data (Device))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CL (Command-Line)
All Acorn computers now come with a WIMP Interface (IF). However, it is possible to give the computer Operating System (OS) commands, by typing them in from the Keyboard. If you press 'F12', a star prompt appears. This is the command line. You can enter commands such as CAT then [Return], to get a catalogue of the current storage Device. The command line can also appear in a Task-Window by pressing 'Ctrl + F12'.
On PC's a similar system is available bu using the 'MS-DOS Prompt' utility
Back to/Related subjects - Command Line
CL (Capital Letters aka Upper-Case)
See - UC
CLA (Copyright Licensing Association)
CLAIT (Computer Literacy And Information Technology (IT)
Courses leading to RSA qualifications and available in many community colleges and adult education centres.
CLAR (Channel Local Address Register)
ClariNet
A hierarchy of Newsgroups (NG) on Usenet that carries commercial information from official sources. Access to ClariNet is chargeable.
CLASS (Client Access to Systems and Services)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - System
CLASS (Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CLASS (Custom Local-Area Signaling Services)
CLC (CLear Carry flag (Programming))
CLD (CLear Direction flag (Programming))
Clear (Files)
A Standard Format for storing and Transferring 24-bit pictures.
CLI (Call-Level Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface)
CLI (Call Line Identification aka Caller ID aka CLID (Comms))
CLI (CLear Interrupt flag (Programming))
CLI (Client Library Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Interface) - Library
CLI (Command Line Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Command-Line - Interface)
CLI (Command Line Interpreter)
Pressing 'F12' or opening a Task Window allows you to type Command-Lines into your RISC OS computer. These are then interpreted by the CLI and the commands/instructions carried out.
CLIB (C LIBrary)
Back to/Related subjects - C - Library
Click
Press a button on the Mouse once, and release immediately. Usually used to indicate that the left-hand (Select) button is to be used.
CLID (Calling Line IDentification aka Caller ID aka CLI)
Client
A Program on a computer attached to the Internet which is used to access certain services. eg. A Web client is a program by which you can access the Worldwide Web (WWW). The term client refers to the idea that the program provides an easy-to-use access to another more basic program, or
A computer receiving information from a Server, or
A program that establishes Connections for the purpose of sending Requests.
Client Authentication
A Standard PassWord (PW) method supported by most HTTP Clients and Servers. It only allows access to certain Resources if valid Credentials are supplied.
CLIST (Command List)
CLK (CLocK)
CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Protocol
CLOS (Common Lisp Object System)
Back to/Related subjects - LISP - System
Close Icon(RISC OS)
The Icon at the top left of each Window, next to the Back-Icon which allows you to close the window.
If closed/Clicked with the Mouse Adjust-button, this will open the Parent Directory that the window/File belongs to. Shift and Select will close the window but leave it's icon on the Pinboard, whilst Shift and Adjust opens the parent Directory without closing the window.
Close Icon(Windows (W95))
The Icon at the top right of each Window, which allows you to close the window.
CLP (Cell Loss Priority)
CLP (CLiPboard (File extension - .CLP))
CLP (Constraint Logic Programming)
Back to/Related subjects - Programming
CLS (CLear Screen (Command))
CLTP (Connectionless Transport Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
CLTS (CLear Task Switch flag (Programming))
CLUI (Command Line User Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Command-Line - Interface - User
Cluster sizes (DOS)
The unit size allocated to objects on a Disc eg.
                  FAT 16
      Disk size (MB)      Cluster size(KB)
       16 -  127                2
      128 -  255                4
      256 -  511                8
      512 - 1023               16
     1024 - 2047               32
FAT 16 can have a Maximum of 65536 clusters limiting FAT 16 (16-bit) to a Maximum disc size of 2Gb (2047MB)
FAT 32 (32-bit) can have a Maximum of > 4billion clusters.
This means that a 1Gb (1024MB) Hard-Drive on FAT 16 will give a cluster size of 32k, meaning that saving a File of even 1Byte, will take up a 32k cluster. FAT 32 equivilent for 1Gb Disc would be 4k.
Back to/Related subjects - LFAU (RISC OS).
Clustering
Dissimilar machines on a Network occupy a cluster, each of which has access to the same Filestore and Server. If 1 cluster dies, Users can log onto the other cluster members.
CLUT (Colour Look-Up Table)
See - LUT
CLV (Constant Linear Velocity)
As opposed to Variable (VLV)
CM (CentiMeter)
More commonly cm.
CM (Control Mark)
CM (Corrective Maintenance)
CM (Crop Mark(s)(Printing))
In publishing, it is important to define where a printed image appears in relation to the edges of the paper. To do so, the images can be printed on a larger sheet of paper and markers placed on the sheet to show where the corners/edges of the paper will be, or
The marks displayed on the printed sheets that allow you to reform a sheet/drawing, larger than would fit in your Printer.
Back to/Related subjects - Crop Marks
CMA (Concert Multi-thread Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Multi-threading
CMC (Common Mail Calls)
CMC (Common Messaging Calls)
CMC (Communication Management Configuration)
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration
CMC (CompleMent Carry flag (Programming))
CMC (Computer-Mediated Communication (Internet))
CMD (Circuit Mode Data)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CMD (CoMmanD (File extension - .CMD))
CMF (Creative Music Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
CMIS (Common Management Information Services/System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CML (Chemical Markup Language)
XML for Chemical Formulae
CML (Conceptual Modelling Language)
CML (Computer Managed Learning)
CML (Current Mode Logic)
CMM (Capability Maturity Model)
CMM (Compiled HtMl (HTML Help-files))
CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management Software)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
CMMU (Cache/Memory Management Unit (Motorola))
Back to/Related subjects - Cache - Memory
CMOS (Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor or Configuration Memory Operating System)
Part of your computers Memory (CMOS RAM) that holds your Configuration details, backed up by battery power, and is therefore retained when you close your System down.
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System (OS)
CMOV (Conditional MOVe (Programming))
CMP (CoMPare (Programming))
CMP (CoMPuter)
CMPS (CoMPare word String (Programming))
CMS (Code Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CMS (Colour Management System (Printers))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CMS (Compiler Monitor System)
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler - System
CMS (Conversation Monitor System (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CMVC (Configuration Management Version Control (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration
CMW (Compartmented Mode Workstation)
CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow)
The three primary Subtractive Colours for Printers
CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key)
A method of specifying colour by using the amounts of the three primary Subtractive Colours plus the amount of black (Key).
CNA (Certified NetWare Administrator (Novell))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CNAPS (Co-processing Node Architecture for Parallel Systems)
Back to/Related subjects - Parallel - System
CNC (Computer Numeric Controlled or Computerised Numeric Control (Control System))
Hardware/Machinery controlled by computers.
CNE (Certified NetWare Engineer)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CNF (CoNFiguration (File extension - .CNF))
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration
CNG (CalliNG (tone))
CNI (Certified Novell Instructor)
CNIDR (Clearinghouse for Network Information Discovery and Retrieval (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CNN (Cable News Network (USA))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CNN (Composite Network Node)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CNR (Carrier to Noise Ratio)
CNSS (Core Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet))
CNT (CoNTents (File extension - .CNT))
CNV (CoNVentional (Memory))
CNVT (CoNVerT)
CNX (Certified Network Expert)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CO (Central Office)
CO (Command Output)
CO (Convert Out)
Co-Location
Refers to having a Server that belongs to one person or group, physically located on an Internet-connected Network that belongs to another person or group. Usually this is done because the server owner wants their machine to be on a high-speed Internet Connection and/or they do not want the security risks of having the server on their own network. ie. A Remote Server.
Back to/Related subjects - Location
COAST (Cache On A STick aka Card On A STick)
An upgrade Module for Pentium Motherboards (MB). Similar to a RAM upgrade (UG).
Back to/Related subjects - Cache
COAX (COAXial (Cable-type))
COB (Chip-On-Board)
COB (COBol (source code File extension - .COB))
Back to/Related subjects - COBOL
COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
High Level Programming Language. See - HLL
COD (CODe (List - File extension - .COD))
CODASYL (Conference On DAta SYstem Languages (Group that designed COBOL))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - System
CODE (Client/server Open Development Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Server
CODEC (COder/DECoder)
CODEC (COmpression/DECompression)
Back to/Related subjects - Compression
COEM (Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer aka Commercial OEM)
COFF (Common Object File Format (UNIX))
Back to/Related subjects - File - Format
COGO (Co-Ordinate GeOmetry (Programming Language))
COL (COLlision also COLL)
COL (Computer Oriented Language)
COLD (Computer Output to Laser Disc)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
COLL (COLLision also COL)
Colour Depth
Every Pixel on a computer screen display has its colour defined by a certain number of bits of Data. The colour depth refers to the range of different colours available for each pixel in a particular Screen Mode. If a single bit were used, it would only allow it to be one of two colours, usually black or white. If it were defined by two bits, it could have 4 different colours, four bits would provide 16 different colours, 8-bit provides 256 colours, 16-bit gives over 32 thousand colours and 24-bit allows each pixel to have any of about 16.7 million different colours - about as much as the human eye can distinguish. The 32-bit colour of the Risc PC 'only' gives 16 million colours but the extra 8 bits can be used by the computer to produce various different special effects.
COLT (City Of London Telecommunications)
COM (COMmand (File extension - .COM))
COM (COMmercial (Business Domain Name - Internet))
COM (Common Object Modem)
Back to/Related subjects - Modem
COM (COMmunications)
COM (Component Object Model aka COM+ (Microsoft))
COM (Computer Output Microfilm)
COM1
Name given to First (asynchronous) Serial Port. Similarly the other Ports are numbered COM2, COM3 etc.
COMDEX (COMputer Dealers EXposition)
COMET (COrnell Macintosh Emulator Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
Command Line
See - CL
COMP (COMPare (Programming)
COMP (COMPuters (USENET Newsgroup (NG) Category - COMP.)
Compiler
In a computer language, instructions that the programmer enters as (vaguely) understandable words have to be translated into series of the very simplest steps that the CPU executes. These simple instructions are called machine code. The job of a compiler is to take the whole of a Program and convert it into a single machine code program which can be executed then or at a later stage.
This contrasts with an interpreted language in which each individual line of the program is converted into machine code as the program is running.
In a compiled language, you have to convert the whole program before you can run any of it whereas in an interpreted language you can run the program at any time, stop it, change the program and run it again. On the other hand, interpreted programs tend to run more slowly because even if one line of the program is run many times, it has to be interpreted into machine code every time it is run.
Back to/Related subjects - Interpreter
Compression/Decompression
There are various mathematical techniques which can be used to store and transmit computer Data using a smaller amount of Memory than the uncompressed data represents. Some of these techniques are completely reversible so that the decompressed data is identical to the original data. However in the case of images, it may be acceptable to allow a degree of degradation of the data in order to increase the amount by which the data is compressed.
Compuserve
A large international BBS with limited Internet access.
Computer Control-Keys
These include the following keys -
Tab, Ctrl, Shift, CapsLock, Alt, Return, 4 Arrow Keys, Delete, Insert, Home, Copy, Page Up, Page Down.
COMSAT (COMmunications SATellite (Corporation))
CON (CONsole)
Includes Keyboard and Screen.
Concept Keyboard
See - CK
Concurrent PCI
Intel's revision of PCI Architecture, enabling more efficient operation of CPU, PCI and ISA Data transactions.
COND (CONDition (Programming))
CONFIG (CONFIGuration)
Configuration
A collection of settings and/or options which describe how the computer or a specific Program/Application will operate when it is first switched on/run.
Connection
A transport layer virtual circuit established between two Programs for the purpose of communication, or
A link such as Serial Connection etc.
CONS (Connection-Oriented Network Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CONTONE (CONtinuous TONE (Comms))
Control Codes
Special non-printing ASCII codes which cause a Device to perform some electronic or mechanical action eg. (On a Printer ASCII 10 is line-feed, 13 is a carriage return and 12 ejects the paper or clears the screen.
Cookie (aka State Object)
A (Text) File containing User preferences etc, that gets placed on your hard-drive (HD) by a Web Server so that the next time you connect to that Server, it reads that information, making re-connection smoother and easier. Also lists/tracks progress around that specific Site.
Back to/Related subjects - State Object
COPICS (Communications Oriented Production Information and Control System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
Coprocessor (aka 2nd processor)
In computers such as the Risc PC it is possible to have more than one Processor (CPU) working together sharing Memory, Data storage and Peripherals, such as an FPA. In the Risc PC, the ARM610 takes charge when the computer is first switched on and it then allows the other processor access to memory etc.
COR (Common Object Runtime)
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture)
CORE (Committee Of REgistration)
For Companies who wish to register on the Internet.
Back to/Related subjects - IAHC
COREN (COrporation for Research and Enterprise Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
COS (Compatible Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - OS
COSE (Combined Office Standard Environment)
COSE (Common Open Software/Systems Environment)
Back to/Related subjects - Software - System
COSMIC (COmputer Software Management and Information Center (NASA))
COSMOS (COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS)
Back to/Related subjects - System
COSS (Common Object Services Specification)
CoT (Centre of Technology)
COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf)
Counter
A number on Web Pages that count the number of visitors.
CP (Copy Protected)
CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers (Digital Research))
Back to/Related subjects - Program
CPA (Certified Public Accountant)
CPAN (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network)
Back to/Related subjects - PERL Archive Network
CPC (Constant Calculation Point)
CPCS (Check Processing Control System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CPE (Central Processing Element)
CPE (Cover PagE (File extension - .CPE))
CPE (Customer Premises Equipment)
CPE (Customer Provided Equipment)
CPG (Clock Pulse Generator)
CPGA (Ceramic Pin Grid Array (Chip Technology))
CPI (Characters Per Inch - cpi)
The number of Characters that can be printed (by a Printer) per linear inch, on a sheet of paper, sometimes referred to as pitch.
Back to/Related subjects - Pitch
CPI (Clock Per Instruction)
CPI (Code Page Information (File extension - .CPI))
CPI (Common Programming Interface (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
CPI-C (Common Programming Interface for Communications (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
CPIO (Copy In and Out (UNIX))
CPL (Control PaneL (File extension - .CPL))
CPL (Current Privilege Level)
CPM (Critical Path Method)
CPS (Carrier Pre-Selection (Comms))
Allows Users to route different types of calls to different Providers.
CPS (Characters per second - cps)
A way of measuring the speed of a Printer.
Back to/Related subjects - Character
CPS (Copyright Protection System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CPS (Cycles Per Second - cps)
CPSR (Current Process Status Register (ARM 6+))
CPT (Command Pass Through)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The main part of a computer. This is the electronic circuitry at the heart of a computer that executes (very rapidly!) a series of simple steps of reading, manipulating and writing information to and from the computer's RAM Memory and input/output Devices.
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
CPW (Commercial Processing Workload (IBM))
CR (Carriage Return)
CR/LF (Carriage Return/Line Feed)
CRA (Credit Reference Agency (Purchasing))
CRAM (Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement)
CRAYON (CReAte Your Own Newspaper (DTP))
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
This is a way of checking for errors in stored and/or transmitted Data.
CRD (CaRDfile (File extension - .CRD))
CRD (ChoRD (Music File extension - .CRD))
Credentials
The username (UID) and PassWord (PW), as passed to the Server during Client Authentication.
CREN (Computer Research Education Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CREN (Corporation for Research and Education Networking)
Back to/Related subjects - Networking
CRF (Cable Retransmission Facility)
CRF (Cross Reference File)
Back to/Related subjects - File
CRI (Colour Reproduction Indices)
CROM (Control Read Only Memory)
Crop Marks
See - CM
Cross-Posting
Sending the same Article to more than one Usenet Newsgroup (NG) at a time.
Back to/Related subjects - Posting
crosstalk
The effect caused by hundreds (or even thousands) of copper wires bundled together. The signal in one of the wires can induce noise in one/some of it's neighbours.
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube (Monitors))
CRTC (Cathode Ray Tube Controller aka CRT Controller (Monitors))
CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete)
CS (Cable Select)
Drive Jumper position to determine which is master or slave.
CS (Certificate Server (Software)
Used for controlling/issuing certificates for secure Web Sites.
Back to/Related subjects - Server
CS (Chip Select)
CS (Clear to Send (Comms))
CS (Code Segment (Programming))
CS/SS (Card Service/Socket Service)
CSA (Calendaring and Scheduling API (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - API
CSAR (Channel System Address Register)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work)
CSD (Circuit-Switched Data)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CSD (Computer Services Department)
CSD (Corrective Service Diskette (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Disk
CSD (Current Storage Device or Current Set Directory)
This is the Device/Directory that will be used for operations by the Filer/Filing System to Save, Display, Load, Search etc.
CSDS (Circuit Switched Data Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
CSE (Certified System Engineer)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CSF (Computer Suppliers Federation)
CSFI (Communication Subsystem For Interconnection)
CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry)
CSG (Consulting Services Group (Lotus))
CSH (Cambridgeshire Software House)
Award winning Software producer of RISC OS-related products
CSI (Command Sequence Introducer)
CSI (CompuServe Incorporated)
CSID (Call Subscriber IDentification aka Call Subscriber ID)
CSL (Computer Sensitive Language)
CSLIP (Compressed Serial Line Interface/Internet Protocol)
See - SLIP.
Back to/Related subjects - Compress - Interface - Internet - Protocol - Serial
CSM (Code Set Map (File extension - .CSM))
CSM (Communications Services Manager)
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance)
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (Comms))
CSMS (Customer Support Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CSN (Card-Select Number)
CSNET (Computer Science NETwork)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
CSO (Central Services Organization)
CSP (Certified Systems Professional)
Back to/Related subjects - Systems
CSP (Commerce Solution Provider)
Commercial Version of ISP.
CSP (Commercial Subroutine Package)
CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes (Programming))
CSP (Compu-com Speed Protocol (CompuCom))
CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes)
CSP (Cross System Product (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Network
CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
Web Page authoring layout.
CSS (Continuous System Simulator (Language))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulateor - System
CSS (Contact Start-Stop)
CSSA (Computing Services and Software Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
CSSM (Client-Server Systems Management (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Server
CSTA (Computer-Supported Telephony Applications)
Back to/Related subjects - Applications
CSU (Channel Service/Switching Unit)
CSV (Circuit-Switched Voice (Comms))
CSV (Comma Separated Variables/Values)
A Standard way in which Data is stored in a File where the items of data are separated by commas. Used in DataBase files, amongst other things.
Back to/Related subjects - Variable
CSV (Common Services Verbs (Microsoft Interface))
CTA (Curriculum Training Associates (aka CTA Direct - Company))
CTB (Cipher Type Byte)
Back to/Related subjects - Byte
CTC (Channel To Channel (Comms))
CTCP (Client-To-Client Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Protocol
CTI (Computer-Telephony Integration)
CTL (Castle Technology Limited (Company))
CTOS (Computerized Tomography Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System
CTOS (Convergent Technologies Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System
CTPA (Coaxial to Twisted-Pair Adapter (for Comms cables))
CTRCO (Calculating,Tabulating,Recording Company)
Later, the name of this company was changed to International Business Machines (IBM) by Thomas J. Watson, Snr.
CTRL (ConTRoL)
Also Ctrl as keyboard control key.
CTS (Clear To Send (Serial Port Code))
CTS (Customer Telephone System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
CUA (Common User Access (IBM Interface))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF) - User
CUB (CUrsor Backward)
CUD (CUrsor Down)
CUE (Custom Updates and Extras (Expansion Card from Egghead Software))
CUF (CUrsor Forward)
CUI (Character-Oriented User Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Character - User - Interface (IF)
CUI (Common User Interface (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - User - Interface (IF)
CUP (CUrsor Position)
CUPID (Completely Universal Processor I/o Design (AST))
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
CUR (CURsor (File extension - .CUR))
Curie-Point (CD's)
Point (temperature) at which the CD surface undergoes a property change (approx 200 degrees C) which can then be affected by a magnet to set all the Data-bits to 0, then Data can be written to the Disk.
Cursor (aka Caret)
See - Caret
Cursor point (Notebooks)
A small button which, like a Mouse, is pushed in the appropriate direction to guide the Caret/cursor.
CUSIP (Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures (U.S. Treasury))
CUT (Control Unit Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
CUTE (Clarkston University Terminal Emulator)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulator - Terminal
CUU (CUrsor Up)
CVF (Compressed Volume File)
Back to/Related subjects - Compression - File
CVGA (Colour Video Graphics Array aka Colour VGA)
Back to/Related subjects - VGA
CVIA (Computer Virus Industry Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Virus
CVT (ConVerT)
CVU (Corel-draw and Ventura Users (Club))
Back to/Related subjects - User
CVW (CodeView for Windows)
CWD (Convert Word to Double-word)
CWD (Change Working Directory (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
CWIS (Campus Wide Information Service/System (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - System
CWIS (Community Wide Information Service/System (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - System
Cyber-attack
Hacking into someones computer System.
Cyber-Punk
A cultural label encompassing many different kinds of human, machine, and punk attitudes. It includes clothing and lifestyle choices as well.
Cyberspace
The virtual world that exists within computer Networks.
CYL (CYLinder (Discs))
CYMK (Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (Standard Printing colours))

Start-A-B-C

-D-

E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


D2C (Decimal To Character)
Back to/Related subjects - Character
D2T2 (Dye-diffusion to Thermal-transfer 2 (printing conversion ?))
D2X (Decimal 2 (To) Hexadecimal)
D/A (Digital to Analog)
D/R (Direct or Reverse)
D/S (Dhrystone Per Second)
Back to/Related subjects - Dhrystones
D-Channel (Data Channel)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAA (Data Access Arrangement)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAA (Decimal Adjust for Addition (Programming))
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting (Comms))
DAC (Data Acquisition and Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAC (Digital (to) Analog Convertor)
DAC (Dual Attachment Concentrator)
DACS (Digital Access Carrier System)
BT Line multiplexing scheme.
DAD (Desktop Application Director (Borland))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Desktop
DAD (Digital Audio Disk (CD Type))
DAEMon (Disc And Execution Monitor aka Daemon)
An otherwise harmless UNIX Program that normally works out of sight of the User. On the Internet, you'll most likely encounter it only when your Email is not delivered to your recipient. You'll get back your original Message plus (possibly) an ugly message from a 'mailer daemon'.
DAI (Distributed Artificial Intelligence aka Distributed AI)
DAL (Data Access Language (Apple Computers))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAL (Disk Access Lockout)
Back to/Related subjects - Disk
DAM (Data Acquisition and Monitoring)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAM (Digital Audio and MIDI (Sequencer))
Back to/Related subjects - MIDI
DAM (Digital Audio Music (CD-Type)
DAMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service aka Digital AMPS)
DAO (Data Access Objects (Data Storage))
DAP (Data Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Protocol
DAP (Developer Assistance Program)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
DAP (Distributed Array Processor)
Parallel Computer System
Back to/Related subjects - Processor (CPU)
DAPIE (Developers Application Programming Interface Extensions)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface - Programming
DARC (Derbyshire Acorn Risc Club)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - RISC
DARI (Database Application Remote Interface (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - DataBase - Interface
DARMS (Digital Alternate Realization of Musical Symbols)
DART (Digital Audio Reconstruction/Restoration Technology)
DAS (Decimal Adjust for Subtraction (Programming))
DAS (Distributed Application Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Server
DAS (Dual-Attached Station (Comms))
DASD (Direct Access Storage Device (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DAT (DATa (File extension - .DAT))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DAT (Digital Audio Tape - aka R-DAT (Device))
Originally intended for home audio use, DAT proved suitable for Serial storage of large amounts of Data. A DAT drive can store Gigabytes (Gb) on a single tape in a couple of hours. Ideal for Backup.
Back to/Related subjects - Byte - Digital Audio Tape - R-DAT
DAT (Disk Array Technology)
Back to/Related subjects - Disk
Data
Information used with/by the computer. Files are used to store the Data, and can consist of Text, Graphics, Sound etc. Data can be transmitted/moved digitally (as with Modems, Networks etc) or manually on a hard copy, such as a Floppy Disc (FD) or CD-ROM
Data Encryption Key
See - DEK
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption
Data Encryption Standard
See - DES
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption - Standard
DataBase
See - DB (DataBase)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DATACOM (DATA COMmunications)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
Datagram
Information is passed around the Internet in blocks of Data, each block carrying the IPA of the sender and of the destination. At the destination, the datagrams have to be joined together in the correct order to recreate the original data.
DaughterBoard
See - DB (DaughterBoard)
DAV (Digital Audio-Video)
DAVIC (Digital Audio VIsual Council (Geneva))
DAW (Digital Audio Workstation)
DB (DataBase)
The definition of this word has changed over the years. It used to mean a unified collection of Data Files but now it tends to refer to an integrated System of data, plus the means of interrogating and manipulating the data, even to the extent of referring to a database language.
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
DB (DaughterBoard)
Many of the main functional parts of the computer are on separate PCBs plugged into the main or Motherboard (MB). One of these circuit boards may be named 'Daughterboard'.
Back to/Related subjects - DaughterBoard
DB (Decibel aka db)
Measurement of sound.
DB (Data Buffer)
Back to/Related subjects - Buffer - Data
DB2 (DataBase 2)
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
dBA (deciBel Adjusted aka Adjusted deciBel)
DBCS (Delivery Bar Code Sorter)
DBCS (Double-Byte Character Set)
Back to/Related subjects - Byte - Fonts (Character Set)
DBF (DataBase File (File extension - .DBF))
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
DBIS (Dun & Bradstreet Information Services)
DBM (Data Base Manager)
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
DBMS (DataBase Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase - System
DBR (DOS Boot Record)
Back to/Related subjects - Boot - DOS
DBS (Data Base Server)
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase - System
DBV (Digital Broadcast Video)
DC (Data Collection)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DC (Data Communication)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DC (Data Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DC (Device Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DC (Direct Current)
DCA (Digital Communications Associates)
DCA (Document Content Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
DCAF (Distributed Console Access Facility (IBM))
DCAM (Direct Chip Attach Module)
Back to/Related subjects - Module
DCB (Device Control Block)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DCB (Disk Coprocessor Board (Novell))
Back to/Related subjects - Disk - Processor
DCC (Data Country Code)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCC (Digital Command Control)
DCC (Digital Compact Cassette)
Storage Medium from Phillips.
DCC (Direct Cable/Client Connection)
Back to/Related subjects - Client
DCC (Display Combination Code)
DCD (Data Carrier Detect)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCE (Data Circuit terminating Equipment)
Device used to Connect 2 DTEs over a Network. A Modem is a DTE.
DCE (Data Communication Equipment (Networking))
Modems, Network Cards etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCE (Distributed Computing Environment)
DCE (Distributed Computing Equipment)
DCED (Distributed Computing Environment Daemon)
Back to/Related subjects - Daemon
DCF (Data Communication Facility (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCF (Data Compression Facility)
Back to/Related subjects - Compression - Data
DCF (Data Count Field (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCF (Driver Configuration File (Lotus))
Back to/Related subjects - Configure - Driver - File
DCI (Display Control Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
DCI (Driver Control Interface)
This is simply a Standard set by Acorn for writing Device Drivers, or
A way for Protocol modules (eg. The Internet TCP/IP suite) to talk to the drivers for your Hardware (eg. An Ethernet card) Commonly DCI2 and DCI4.
Back to/Related subjects - Driver Control Interface - Interface
DCL (Data Control Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DCL (DEC Command Language (DEC))
DCL (DeCLaration)
DCL (Device CLear)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DCL (Digital Command Language (Digital))
DCL (Digital Control Logic)
DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model)
Extension of COM (Component Object Model)
DCS (Data Collection System)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - System
DCS (Data Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - System
DCS (Desktop Colour Separation)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DCS (Distributed Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
DCT (DiCTionary (File extension - .DCT))
DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation)
MPEG Compression Technique.
DCU (Data-Cache Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Cache - Data
DD (Day Day)
Syntax (See Parameter) signifying that a 2-figure number must be entered for the days Date, eg 04, 05, 21 etc.
DD (Digital Display)
DD (Disc-Drive)
The electric motor that spins the Disc, or
The Drive unit itself, as in IDEDisc4.
Back to/Related subjects - IDE - SCSI
DD (Double Density (Floppy Discs))
A DD Disc can hold 800K on an Acorn or 740K on a PC.
DDA (Distributed Data Access)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDA (Domain-Defined Attribute)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain
DDB (Device Dependent Bitmap)
Back to/Related subjects - Bitmap - Device
DDB (Device Descriptor Block)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DDC (Digital Data Channel (VESA))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDC (Display Data Channel)
eg DDC1, DDC2 etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDCMP (Digital Data Communications Message Protocol (DEC))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Protocol
DDCS (Distributed Database Connection Services (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Database
DDD (Direct Distance Dialing)
DDE (Direct Data Entry)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange (MicroSoft))
Data Transfer between Applications.
DDEML (Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Library - Manager
DDF (Document Description Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Format
DDF (Dynamic Data Formatting (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Format
DDI (Device Driver Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Driver - Interface
DDI (Digital Document Interchange)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
DDI (Direct Dial In (Comms))
DDK (Device Driver Kit (MicroSoft Windows))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Driver
DDL (Data Definition/Description Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDL (Direct Drive Laser (Printer))
In conventional laser printers, the computer sends information to the Printer about what is to be printed, in what position and with/in what Style etc. The Processor (CPU) and Memory in the laser printer are then used to work out what dots to place where on the paper.
In a direct drive laser, by contrast, the computer works out what the pattern of dots should be and then sends the dot pattern down to the printer on a high speed ('video') Parallel Interface. This means that the printer needs little or no memory of its own and the process is faster because ARM (RISC OS) processors tend to be much more powerful than the processors used in laser printers.
Back to/Related subjects - Direct Drive Laser Printer
DDM (Distributed Data Management)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDN (Defence Data Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Network
DDNS (Dynamic Domain Naming System)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain - Domain Name - System
DDP (Distributed Data Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate-SDRAM)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - SDRAM
DDS (Design Data Sheet)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDS (Digital Data Storage)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DDS (Digital Dataphone Service)
DDS (Distributed Database Services)
Back to/Related subjects - Database
DDT (Digital Data Transfer (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Data Transfer
DDX (Digital Data eXchange)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DE (Device End)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DEA (Data Encryption Algorithm)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption
DEBI (DMA Extended Bus Interface))
This is a means of connecting Expansion Cards to the Risc PC. (Depending on which magazine you read, it can support anything between eight and fourteen expansion cards! Currently, the maximum is eight but we think it is theoretically possible to have more.)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - DMA - Interface (IF)
Debug
Remove the bugs (errors) from within a Program.
Debugger
An Application written to provide tools to aid the process of finding errors in a Program.
DEC (DECrement)
DEC (DEvice Clear)
DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation (Company))
DECNET (Digital Equipment Corporation NETworking (Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
Decompression
There are various mathematical techniques which can be used to store and transmit computer Data using a smaller amount of Memory than the uncompressed data represents. Some of these techniques are completely reversible so that the decompressed data is identical to the original data. However, in the case of images, it may be acceptable to allow a degree of degradation of the data in order to increase the amount by which the data is Compressed.
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephony (Comms))
DEF (DEFinitions (File extension - .DEF))
DEF (DEFault(s) (File extension - .DEF))
Default
The Standard setting or option which the computer or Program/Application selects unless the User has specifically told it to do otherwise.
Default Action
The Action taken if a User presses the Return-Key when a Dialogue-Box is displayed. The Default should do what the User intended. eg. Return pressed when a 'Save-Box' is open will Save the File (If a full Pathname is in the writeable Icon).
DEFRAG (DEFRAGment)
DOS command/utility.
Back to/Related subjects - Fragmentation
DEK (Data Encryption Key)
Used for the Encryption of Message text and for the computation of message integrity checks (signatures).
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Data Encryption Key
DEL (DELete)
DOS command/utility.
DELETE
A type of Request from a Client, sent to a Server, asking that the named Resource be removed from the Server's DataBases, or
An option available from a Dialogue-Box or Menu that will remove a Selected item, usually permanently.
Delete Key
The function of this Key depends on the Application you are using at the time. eg.
In !Edit (RISC OS), this key Deletes the Character to the left of the Caret, or
In !Draw (RISC OS), this Key Deletes any Selected objects, or
In DOS-run Systems it usually deletes the highlighted object.
Delphi
Programming Language.
DELSTR (DELete STRing)
REXX (IBM) command/utility.
DELTT (Double Electron Layer Tunnelling Transistor (Chip Development))
DEM (DEMonstration (File extension - .DEM))
Demon (aka Demon Information Services Ltd)
A commercial UK service that provides access to the Internet via telephone lines using a Modem.
Back to/Related subjects - DISL - ISP
DEN (Document Enabled Networking (Novell-Xerox))
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Network
DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules)
DES (Data Encryption Standard (56-bit))
A popular Standard Encryption scheme.
Back to/Related subjects - Data Encryption Standard - Data
DES (Data Entry Sheet)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DES (DEScription ((File extension - .DES))
Desktop
The Area of the Screen-display where you run Applications, open Windows, etc. or
The GUI suplied as part of RISC OS, also
The top of the Desk (obvious) as in Desktop PC, Desktop Printer etc, describing it's normal operating position.
Destination Disc
When making a Backup, information/Data is copied from the Source Disc to a blank, formatted 'Destination' Disc. The recipient of the Data.
Back to/Related subjects - Disc - Format
DET (Device Execute Trigger)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DEV (DEVice)
Device (aka Appliance)
This is the technical term for any information storage Medium (eg. Floppy Disc (FD) or Hard-Disc (HD)) or transmission System (eg. Network, Modem or Printer) that can be accessed through the computer. Each currently available device is represented by an Icon at the lefthand side of the IconBar (RISC OS), or an Icon in the 'My Computer Directory' on Windows 95 (W95)
Back to/Related subjects - Storage Device
Device Driver
Software which drives the actual Hardware that communicates from the computer to the Serial Port, Parallel port or Network. Device Drivers can also be used for non-physical devices like pseudo-Terminals (rlogin in UNIX).
DF (Data Field)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DF (Destination Field)
DF (Device Flag)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DF (Double Flag)
DFC (Data Flow Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DFC (Dynamic Frequency Clocking (Chip Technology))
DFE (Desktop Functional Equivalent (Compaq))
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DFM (Design For Manufacturability (IBM))
DFN (Digital Freedom Network)
DFP (Digital Flat Panel (Monitor Connector Type))
DFS (Distributed File System)
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System
DFSMS (Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DFT (Design For Testability)
DFT (Diagnostic Function Test)
DFT (Discrete Fourier Transformation)
DFT (Distributed Function Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
DFT (Drive Fitness Test (IBM HardDrive Technology))
DFU (Data File Utility)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - File
DGIS (Direct Graphics Interface Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Protocol/Standard
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Netwoking))
Back to/Related subjects - Configure - Host - Protocol
DHL (Dynamic Head Loading)
DHP (Dr. Halo Picture (File extension - .DHP))
Dhrystones (strictly Dhrystones/second)
This is a means of indicating the speed of a Processor (CPU) by testing the number of iterations of a particular test Program it can perform each second. eg. The Risc PC 600 with a 30MHz ARM600 processor can perform about 40,000 Dhrystones/second.
DHS (Dynamic Horizontal Scaling (Fonts RISC OS))
DHTML (Dynamic Hyper Text Mark-up Language aka Dynamic HTML (Web Authoring))
Enables the creation of Web Pages that can update themselves automatically without requiring round trips back to the Server(s).
Back to/Related subjects - HTML
DI (Data In)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DI (Destination Index)
DIA (Document Interchange Architecture (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Document
Dialogue Box
A Window in which you are expected to Select various options and/or enter a filename before the computer performs a particular task or operation.
Dialup
A temporary Connection to a computer or Server via a telephone line rather than through a fixed connection.
DIB (Device Independent Bitmap)
Back to/Related subjects - Bitmap - Device
DIB (Directory Information Base)
DIB (Dual Independent Bus (Intel))
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
DIBOL (DEC Independant? Business Oriented Language)
Back to/Related subjects - DEC
DIC (Data Integrity Check)
Error checking of stored/transmitted Data.
DIC (DICtionary (File extension - .DIC))
DID (Direct Inward Dialing)
DIDS (Distributed Intrusion Detection System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
DIF (Data Interchange Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Format
DIFFSENS (DIFFerential SENSe)
Digerati
A reference to a vague group of people seen to be knowledgeable, hip, or otherwise in-the-know in regards to the digital revolution.
Digest
Some Mail Servers give you a compilation of the day's (or week's or month's) Messages.
Digital Audio Tape (DAT aka R-DAT)
See - DAT
Digitiser
An electronic circuit which takes an analogue signal such as a sound of a video signal and turns it into digital information which can be stored and/or manipulated within the computer, and output again as a sound or video signal.
DIIP (Direct Interrupt Identification Port)
Back to/Related subjects - Port
DIL (Dual In Line)
A design of chip using two straight rows of pins.
DIM (Document Image Management (DTP))
Back to/Related subjects - Document
DiME (Direct Memory Execution (Graphics Display))
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module)
64 Data bits wide. More or less replaced SIMMs because they're more flexible. Available in EDO RAM and SDRAM
Back to/Related subjects - Memory - Module - RAM
DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm)
German equivalent of Electronic Industries Association (EIA).
DIO (Data Input-Output)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DIP (Dialup Internet Protocol (Internet)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
DIP (Digital Image Processing)
DIP (Document Image Processing)
Document scanning, indexing, storing, displaying, and if necessary, printing.
Back to/Related subjects - Image Processing (IP) - Printer - Scanner
DIP (Dual In-line Package/Pin switch aka DIP switch)
The small switches used to set-up a Printer or Modem etc.
DIR (DIRectory)
DOS command/utility to list the contents of the current Directory/Folder.
Direct Account
An Internet account where you can connect directly with the Internet.
Direct Drive Laser Printer
See - DDL - Printer
Directory aka Folder
When Data is stored on a storage Medium such as a Floppy Disc, it can be grouped into directories. When the Directory (or IconBar Icon - RISC OS) is Clicked, a Window appears showing the data in the root (ie. main) directory (Root Directory or $Dir). This may be items of data (stored as Files), Applications or other directories. These directories in turn can contain more information and/or further Sub-Directories. This system of directories within directories is called a Hierarchical data structure.
Directory Display
A Window that contains and displays the contents of a Directory or Storage Device.
Directory Tree
See DIT
DIS (Draft International Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
DIS (Dynamic Impedance Stabilization)
DISA (Defence Information Systems Agency (USA))
Back to/Related subjects - System
DISA (Data Interchange Standards Association)Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Standard
DISA (Direct Inward System Access)
Back to/Related subjects - System
Disc (aka Disk)
A Device used for storing information/Data.
Back to/Related subjects - Floppy Disc (FD), Hard Disc (HD)and Compact Disc (CD).
Disc Eject Button
Used to Eject a Disc from the Drive.
DISL (Demon Information Services Ltd)
See - Demon.
DISP (DISPlacement)
Distribution
A way to limit where your Usenet Postings go. Handy for such things as 'for sale' Messages or discussions of regional politics. However, the distribution field is not normally used on Usenet, as the distribution nowadays is based upon not feeding groups that are local to the world etc. Most NNTP-Servers ignore this field.
DIT (Directory Information Tree aka Directory Tree)
A graphical representation showing the Hierarchial structure of a System storage Medium, from the current Directory,showing all Files and Sub-Directories on that Device.
Dithering
When displaying a picture on a computer screen in, say, a 256 colour Mode (See Screen Mode), it is possible to give the impression of intermediate colours by mixing dots of the different colours in different ratios. This is done using a random displacement of these dots to avoid a patterned effect. This technique is called dithering, or
A Halftoning method (Printing) in which dots are arranged in an orderly pattern. Dithering works best for printing images with solid colours, such as charts and graphs.
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
DIV (DIVide)
DIVE (Direct Interface Video Extension (OS/2))
DIW (D-Inside Wire (AT&T))
DIZ (Description In Zip (File extension - .DIZ))
Back to/Related subjects - ZIP
DJ (Desk-Jet)
Type of Printer. Desktop Inkjet
DL (Data-Link)
Normally a cable connecting a portable to a Desktop PC for Transfer of Data, but can mean any Connection between 2 Systems for the transfer of Data.
DL (Down-Load aka D/L)
Transfer files or Messages from a distant computer to your own computer. There are several different methods, or Protocols, for downloading files, most of which periodically check the File as it is being copied to ensure no information is inadvertently destroyed or damaged during the process. Some such as XMODEM, only let you Download one file at a time. Others, such as batch-YMODEM and ZMODEM let you type in the names of several files at once, which are then automatically downloaded.
Back to/Related subjects - ADSL - FTP - DownLoad - Load - UL
DL/1 (Data-manipulation Language/1 (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DLC (Data Link Control (Serial Protocol))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DLC (Distributed Loop Carrier)
DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier)
Back to/Related subjects - Connection - Data - Link
DLD (Display List Driver)
Back to/Related subjects - Driver
DLE (Data Link Escape)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Link
DLL (Dynamic Link Library aka Driver)
A way of writing programs so that frequently-used functions or procedures only have to be written once and stored in a library. Many tasks can use this library, negating the necessity to have each task/Program with the same internal routines. This System means, however, that the program/task will not run without the correct library, also
Filetype extension (.DLL) for DOS - ie. System Driver
DLM (Distributed Lock Manager)
DLM (Dynamic Link Module)
Back to/Related subjects - Link - Module
DLP (Digital Light Processing/Processor (Chip - Display Technology))
Back to/Related subjects - Processor (CPU)
DLR (DOS LAN Requester)
Back to/Related subjects - DOS - LAN
DLS (Data Link Switching (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Link
DLS (DownLoadable Sounds (Sound Cards))
Back to/Related subjects - DownLoad
DLT (Digital Linear Tape)
DM (Distributed Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
DMA (Data Management Area for Compact Disc)
Part of SUA on Orange Book CDs used for Data Storage.
DMA (Direct Memory Access/Addressing)
When information is being taken into a computer from an external source, the CPU normally reads a location, or block of locations, in the external Device and writes the information into its own RAM Memory. With DMA, by contrast, the information is written directly from the external device into the CPU's memory without the CPU being involved. This means that the process is much faster, as the CPU can be doing other things while the information is being loaded automatically into memory.
DMAC (DMA Controller)
DMACS (Distributed Manufacturing Automation & Control Software)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
DMD (Digital Micro-mirror Device/Display (Display Technology))
Reflective MEMS System.
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DME (Direct Memory Execute)
Used by AGP Card to use System Memory as if it is resident on the Card.
DME (Distributed Management Environment)
DMF (Distribution Media Format (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Format - Media
DMI (Desktop Management Interface (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop - Interface
DML (Data Manipulation Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DMM (Digital MultiMeter)
DMMS (Dynamic Memory Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory - System
DMOS (Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
DMP (Dot Matrix Printer)
Back to/Related subjects - Dot Matrix - Printer
DMPC (Distributed Memory Parallel Computer)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
DMPP (Distributed Memory Parallel Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor - Memory
DMQS (Display Mode Query and Set (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Screen Mode
DMS (Data Management Software)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Software
DMS (Data/Document Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Document - System
DMT (Digital/Discrete Multi-Tone (Comms))
DMTF (Desktop Management Task Force)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DMY (Day Month Year)
Syntax (See Parameter) signifying the Format/Order that the information/Data must be entered. ie. Days then Month then Year.
The way/order the Data/Information will be displayed.
DMZ (De-Militarised Zone)
A Firewall to protect Private Area (PUA - Private Use Area) from outsiders.
DN (DowN)
DNA (Digital Network Appliance)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
DNC (Direct Numerical Control)
DNIC (Data Network Identification Code)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Network
DNIS (Dialed Number Identification Service)
DNS (Domain Name Server/Service/System)
A machine that translates the Domain Name of the Internet Addresses from the textual form (eg. ftp.demon.co.uk) into the numeric form (eg. 158.53.8.13) that is actually used to send Messages. There will usually be at least one Name Server in each Domain. Having more than one is a useful redundancy since you don't want the Network to grind to a halt whenever your one and only name server (NS) crashes. DNS will also handle the translation from IP adresses (IPA) to names if used the other way around. DNS is Hierarchical in that each server only knows about a certain domain, and uses other DNS Servers to find the rest of the computers on the Net.
Back to/Related subjects - Demon - System
DO (Data Out)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DO (Distributed Objects)
DO-IT (Disabilities, Opportunities - Internetworking and Technology)
DOA (Dead On Arrival (Hardware))
Hardware that refuses to work when initially switched on.
DOC (DOCument/DOCumentation (File extension - .DOC))
Docking station
Base station for Notebooks. Sometimes you can add extra Ports, Interfaces (IF), Floppy Disc FD Drives or CD-ROM etc.
DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Interface (IF)
DOCSV (Data Over Circuit-Switched Voice)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
Document
A Data-File that an 'Editor' can Load, Save, Edit and Print.
DOD (Drop on Demand (Printers))
Ink delivery System.
DOE (Distributed Objects Everywhere)
DOIP (Dial Other Internet Providers (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet (Service) Provider
DOM (Document Object Model (Web Authoring))
Interface to Document Structure. Higher level Object Model for HTML.
Domain
A group of computers sharing the same set of services, usually a company-wide Address. A domain is the list of hosts in one specific part of the Net, and can be as little as one Host or as much as the complete Net.
Domain Name
The textual form of the Internet Address. For example, if you have an account with Demon, and your address is Bill@home.demon.co.uk, your domain name is home.demon.co.uk (ie. it's the bit after the @ sign.)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain
DOMF (Distributed Object Management Facility)
Dongle
This is a small electronic circuit, usually held in a plastic connector block, that goes on the Parallel Port of a computer. It forms an electronic 'key' that allows you to use a particular Application (such as Impression or ArtWorks (RISC OS)). The application checks every now and then to see if a dongle is present, and if not, it shuts itself down and will not restart.
DOS (Disc Operating System)
The low level Operating System (OS) used by IBM PCs and their clones, now also used as shorthand for DR-DOS or MS-DOS. They can be used on Acorn computers by using the PC Emulator or a PC Expansion Card or, on a Risc PC, a PC Processor (CPU) card. They are Command-Line operating systems, ie. they do not use a WIMP Interface (IF). (For most practical purposes, there is very little difference between DR-DOS and MS-DOS.)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
DOSEM (DOS EMulation/EMulator)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
DOSFS (Software))
Back to/Related subjects - DOS - Filing System
Dot File
A File on a UNIX public-access System that alters the way you or your Messages interact with that system. For example, your .Login file contains various Parameters for such things as the text Editor you get when you send a message. When you do an ls command, these files do not appear in the Directory listing; do ls -a to list them.
Dot-Matrix
A method of printing in which each letter or symbol is formed by a pattern (Matrix) of individual dots.
Dot Pitch (Monitors)
Hole size on Aperture Grille or metal sheet that cathode ray gun(s) blast the electron beams through. The closer (smaller) the holes, the more detail the screen image carries. Normally measured vertically eg 0.25mm.
Double-Click
Press a button on the Mouse twice in quick succession. Usually used to indicate that the left-hand (Select) button is to be used.
Double-Click Arrow (RISC OS)
The shape of the (normal) Mouse-Pointer on the screen after the first Click of the Mouse-button. It will remain this way until the button is clicked again, or until a certain time has passed (configurable by User), when it will revert to normal.
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration - Double-Click
DOV (Data Over Voice)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DOW (Day Of Week)
Down
The state of a public-access Site when it runs into technical trouble, and you can no longer gain access to it.
DownLoad
See - DL
DP (Data Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DP (Dan Peripherals (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Peripherals
DPA (Demand Protocol Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
DPA (Differential Power Analysis (Smart-Card Technology))
DPA (Distributed Password Authentication (Networking))
DPA (Document Printing Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Printer
DPAM (Demand Priority Access Method)
DPAREN (Data PARity ENable (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DPB (Drive Parameter Block)
Back to/Related subjects - (Disc-)Drive
DPC (Direct Program Control)
DPI (Distributed Protocol Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Protocol
DPI (Dots Per Inch - dpi aka Resolution)
On a Desktop Printer the text and graphics are reproduced by rows and rows of tiny dots. The smaller the dots, the better the definition of the resulting printout. This is usually specified as the number of dots per inch that the printer can lay onto the paper. The same idea is used for scanning. When scanning a picture or diagram, the Grey Levels of rows of tiny areas of the picture are assessed by the Scanner. The closeness of the areas being differentiated is measured in dots per inch.
Back to/Related subjects - Resolution
DPL (Descriptor Privilege Level)
DPL (Digital PowerLine)
DPM (Digital Panel Meter)
DPMA (Data Processing Management Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DPMA (Dymamic Power Management Architecture)
For Power conservation and Standby facilities.
Back to/Related subjects - DPMS - Screen-Blanking
DPMI (DOS Protected Mode Interface (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - DOS - Interface
DPMS (Display Power Management Signalling/Support)
When monitors are not being used, it is a waste of energy to have them on at normal brightness. RISC OS 3 supports Screen-Blanking which helps to reduce energy consumption, but some monitors can accept special electronic signals from a computer to tell it to drop into a very low power consumption Mode (See Screen Mode) if it is not being used. This signalling between computer and Monitor is not available in all monitors, although a lot of newer monitors are beginning to provide it.
Back to/Related subjects - DPMA
DPO (Data Phase Optimization)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DPOB (Dual Processor Open Bus)
On the Risc PC the Processors (CPUs) are held on separate cards which plug into the main PCB or motherboard (MB). It can take two such processor cards, and the DPOB is a way of allowing two different (or similar) processors to share the use of the computer's Memory, input/output, and Data storage facilities.
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
DPR (Data Protection Registrar)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DPRAM (Dual Port RAM aka VRAM)
This is a bank of high speed RAM used to store the information for the screen display. It can usually (as in the Risc PC) be accessed by the computer's Processor (CPU) and by the Video Controller at the same time. The computer accesses it as necessary to change the screen display and the video controller accesses it on a continuous basis to constantly generate the signals the Monitor needs to display the information set up by the computer.
Back to/Related subjects - Port - VRAM
DPS (Document Processing System)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - System
DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying)
DPtoTP (Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates (Data convertion))
DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
DQL (Data Query Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DR (Data Received)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DR.BOND (Dial-up Router. Bandwidth ON Demand)
Back to/Related subjects - Bandwidth - Router
DR-DOS (Digital Research - Disc Operating System)
See - DOS and Operating System (OS).
Drag
The action of holding a Mouse-button down whilst moving the Pointer.
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory aka Dynamic RAM)
This is the most common form of RAM Memory used in computers today. 'Dynamic' is a technical term which refers to the way in which the information is stored within the chips.
DRAW (Direct Read After Write)
DRDA (Distributed Relational Database Architecture (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Database
DRDW (Direct Read During Write)
DRI (Digital Research Incorporated (Company))
Drive (aka Disc-Drive (DD))
See - DD
Drive Indicator Light
An LED that lights when the Drive (See DD) is being used by the computer.
Driver (aka Module or DLL)
A Software Program that sends instructions to a computer Peripheral. eg The Printer Driver accepts Data from your Word-Processor and instructs the Printer on how to print it.
Back to/Related subjects - DLL - Module - Print Queue - Printable Area - Printer - Spool - Spool Manager
Driver Control Interface
See - DCI
DRMON (Distributed Remote MONitoring (Networking)
DRO (Data Request Output)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DRO (Destructive Read-Out)
DRS (Document Registration System)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - System
DRS (Driver Resource (File extension - .DRS))
Back to/Related subjects - Driver
DRV (DRiVe)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc-Drive
DRV (DRiVer aka Device Driver aka DVR (File extension - .DRV))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Driver
DRW (DRaW/DRaWing (File extension - .DRW))
DS (Data Segment)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DS (Data Send)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DS (Data Server)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Server
DS (Double Sided (Floppy-Disc))
DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm)
DSA (Directory System Agent)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - System
DSAP (Destination Service Access Point)
DSDD (Double Sided, Double Density (Floppy-Disc))
DSE (Data Storage Equipment)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DSEA (Display Station Emulation Adapter)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
DSECT (Dummy-control SECTion)
DSHD (Double Sided, High Density (Floppy-Disc))
DSIS (Distributed Support Information Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line (Comms))
DSL (Dynamic Simulation Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Simulate/Emulate
DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (Comms))
DSMA (Digital Sense Multiple Access)
DSO (Data Source Object (Web Page authoring))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DSOM (Distributed System Object Model)
Back to/Related subjects - System
DSP (Digital Signal Processing/Processor (CPU))
A set of techniques for modifying (sound) signals. It involves digitising the signals, performing various mathematical processes on the Data and then turning the resulting data back into an analogue signal, also
The particular CHIP used to carry out the Processing.
DSP (Directory Synchronization Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - Standard
DSQD (Double Sided, Quad Density (Floppy-Disc))
DSR (Data Set Ready (Serial Port Code))
DSR (Device Status Register)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DSR (Device Status Report)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DSS (Decision Support System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
DSS (Digital Signature Standard (PGP))
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
DSSI (Digital Standard Systems Interconnect (DEC))
Back to/Related subjects - Standard - System
DSSS (Direct-Sequencing Spread Spectrum)
DSSSL (Document Style Semantics & Specification Language)
Style-sheets for SGML Documents.
DSTN (Double SuperTwisted Nematic)
DSU (Data Service/Switching Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DSU (Digital Service Unit)
DSVD (Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DSW (Data Status Word)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DSW (Device Status Word)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DSX (Digital Signals X-connect (cross-connect))
DT (Display Technology)
The art of displaying images on screens, or printing processes.
DTA (DaTA (File extension - .DTA))
DTA (Disk Transfer Area)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc/Disk
DTC (DeskTop Conferencing)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DTD (Document Type Declaration/Definition (Filetype))
Back to/Related subjects - Document
DTE (Data Terminal/Terminating Equipment (Networking))
An end Device on a Comms circuit eg. A Terminal or PC.
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DTE (Dumb Terminal Emulator)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate - Terminal
DTF (Distributed Test Facility)
DTL (Dialogue Tag Language (IBM))
DTL (Diode-Transistor Logic)
DTMF (Data Tone Multiple Frequency (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency (Comms))
DTP (DeskTop Publishing)
Creating page layouts using a computer. As Desktop computers have increased in processing power, it has become possible for them to handle both text and graphics, to allow Users to manipulate them on-screen and output them to a Printer. In this way, 'books' can be produced on a desktop computer hence the term 'desktop publishing'.
DTP (Distributed Transaction Process)
DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
An RS232C circuit that is activated to let a DCE know when a DTE is ready to send or receive Data.
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
DTR (Data Transfer Rate)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DTT (Digital Terrestial Television)
New Service suggested to be launched Oct 98 by BDB
DTV (DeskTop Video)
American DVD Standard.
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DTVC (DeskTop Video Conferencing aka DVC)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DU (Disc Usage)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
DUA (Directory User Agent)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - User
DUAT (Direct User Access Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal - User
DUN (Dial-Up Networking (Comms) aka NT DUN)
Back to/Related subjects - Networking
DUNCE (Dial Up Network Connection Enhancement)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
DV (DESQ-View Script (File extension - .DV))
DV (Digital Video (Camcorders))
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting (Card))
DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting)
European DVD Standard.
DVC (Desktop Video Conferencing aka DTVC)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
DVD (Digital Video Disc)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
DVD (Digital Video Display)
DVD-R (Digital Video Disc-Recordable)
DVD RAM (Digital Versatile Disc RAM aka CD ReWriteable)
Type of CD Disc that can be recorded 1000s of times.
Back to/Related subjects - RAM
DVD-ROM (Digital Versitile Disc-ROM)
Type of CD Disc that can only be read (ROM).
DVD-RW (Digital Versatile Disc-ReWriteable)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
DVE (Digital Video Effect (Video Editing))
DVI (DeVice Independant (Programming))
Multi Platform Program Language eg. JAVA, TEX etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DVI (Digital Video Interactive)
DVI (DeVice Independent (File extension - .DVI))
Back to/Related subjects - Device
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
DVR (DriVeR aka Device Driver aka DRV (File extension - .DVR))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Driver
DW (Data Warehousing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DW (Daisy-Wheel (Printer).
DWD (DrawWorks Designer (Software)
Plug-in for !Draw (RISC OS).
DWG (DraWinG)
DWMT (Discrete Wavelet Multitone (Comms))
DXB (Drawing eX/Inter-change Binary)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
DXC (Data eXchange Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
DXF (Drawing eXchange Format)
An Industry Standard file-Format for Vector Graphics.
DXI (Data eXchange Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Interface

Start-A-B-C-D

-E-

F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


E-Business(Electronic-Business)
The name given to services and products sold over/via the WWW/Internet.
E-Cash (Electronic Cash)
The Internet version of small change. Currently used for small purchases over the Internet. E-Cash can also be stored on smart cards.
e-commerce(electronic commerce aka EC)
Electronic shopping via WWW/Internet.
E-FORM (Electronic FORM)
The type of FORM that you would be asked to fill in on a Web-Page on the Internet
E-Ink (Electronic Ink)
New Ink System based on micro-capsules containing small spheres. Black and positively charged on one side, while white and negatively charged on the other side. An electronic charge to the capsule rotates the sphere(s) to black or white. No charge is required to maintain the status of the spheres, and the ink can later be erased (turned to all-white) or over-written (printed). Can be applied by silk-screen printing or Ink-jet printers.
E-Mail (Electronic-Mail aka EM aka Email)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
E-Zine (Electronic-magaZine aka Ezine)
Back to/Related subjects - Ezine
E&OE (Errors & Omissions Excluded (Advertising disclaimer))
EA (Effective Address)
EA (Extended Attribute OS/2))
EAR (External Access Register)
EARN (European Academic Research Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
EAROM (Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - EEPROM - EEROM - EPROM - EROM - Flash ROM - ROM
EARS (Electronic Access to Reference Services)
EARS (Electronic Authoring and Routing System (DEC))
EARS (Explicit Archive and Retrieval System)
Back to/Related subjects - Archive
EASI (Extended Acorn System Inferface)
A new expansion Bus for Risc PCs and A7000.
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - Interface - System
Easter Eggs
Hidden sections in a program or game that give credit to the people involved in the creation of that OS/Application/Program. Usually accessed by a complicated series of keystrokes. So-called because you have to hunt high-and-low for them.
EATA (Enhanced AT-bus Attachment)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
EAUG (Essex Acorn User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
EAX (Enviromental Audio eXtensions (Sound Cards))
EBC (EISA Bus Controller)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - EISA
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
The character set (See Fonts) used on IBM mainframes.
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
EBCT (Electron Beam Computed Tomography)
EBI (Equivalent Background Input)
EBI (Extended Background Investigation)
EBT (Electronic Benefits Transfer)
EC (Electronic Commerce aka e-commerce)
Electronic shopping via WWW/Internet.
EC (Error Control)
ECAT (Electronic Card Assembly and Test (IBM))
ECAWA (Educational Computing Association of Western Australia)
ECB (Electronic CodeBook)
ECB (Event Control Block)
ECC (Elliptic Curve Crypto)
ECC (Error Check Code)
ECC (Error Checking and Correction)
ECC (Error Correction Code (CD's))
ECD (Enhanced Color Display)
ECD (Enhanced Compact Disc (CD Blue Book Standard) aka CDP (CDPlus))
ECHO (European Commission Host Organization (Internet))
ECI (External Call Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic)
ECM (Electronic Control Module aka Electronic Control Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Module
ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers' Association (Standards Body))
ECNE (Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer (Novell))
Back to/Related subjects - Netware
Econet (Economy network)
This is a means of connecting two or more computers together so that they can exchange information and share the use of Peripherals such as Printers. It is a type of Local Area Network (LAN) developed in the early '80s by Acorn Computers Ltd.
Economy Printing
A means of saving ink by printing fewer dots.
ECP (Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port (Comms))
Improvements in speed and 2-way communications over EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port).
Back to/Related subjects - Port
ECP (Error Correction Protocol (Modems))
Helps to reduce mistakes/errors in File Downloads.
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
ECS (Electronic Control Services (Company))
ECS (Enhanced Chip Set)
ECTL (Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe)
ECU (EISA Configuration Utility)
Back to/Related subjects - EISA
ECU (Electronic Control Unit aka Electronic Control Module)
Back to/Related subjects - Module
ED (Erase Display)
EDA (Electronic Design Automation)
EDA (Embedded Document Architecture)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
EDC (Electronic Digital Computer)
EDC (Enhanced Data Correction)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDC (Error Detection and Correction)
EDDC (Extended Distance Data Cable)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDFL (Erbium Doped Fibre Lasers (Comms))
EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange (e-commerce aka ))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDI (Electronic Document Interchange (DEC))
Back to/Related subjects - Document
EDIF (Electronic Design Interchange Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
EDIFACT (Electronic Data/Document Interchange For Administration Commerce and Transport)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Document
Editor
An Application that allows you to edit the contents of a File, or
Someone who 'Edits' a file/Document.
Editor Window
A Window used to display a 'Document' that is being Edited.
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
EDL (Edit Decision List)
EDLC (Ethernet Data Link Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Ethernet - Link
EDLIN (EDitor LINe-text)
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
EDMS (Electronic Document Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - System
EDO (Extended Data Out)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDO RAM (Enhanced/Extended Data Out/Output RAM)
Type of DRAM. Faster version of FPM (Fast Page Mode) Memory.
Back to/Related subjects - Data - RAM
EDOS (Enhanced DOS (Windows))
Back to/Related subjects - DOS
EDP (Electronic Data Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDPM (Electronic Data Processing Machine)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
EDRAM (Enhanced/Extended DRAM)
See - DRAM
EDS (Electronic Data Service/Systems (Online purchasing))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - System
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)
EDU (Educational Institutions (Internet Domain Name))
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
First stored-program digital computer.
EE (Extended Edition (IBM))
EEC (European Economic Community)
EEC (Extended Error Correction)
EEG (ElectroEncephaloGram)
EEL (Epsilon Extension Language)
EEMA (European Electronic Marketing Association)
EEMS (Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory aka Flash ROM)
A form of non-volatile Memory that remains unchanged, even when the power is switched off but which can be altered in-situ by using appropriate electronic circuitry. ie. It can be reprogrammed through Software.
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EEROM - EPROM - EROM - FEPROM - Flash ROM - Program - ROM
EEROM (Electronic Erasable ROM aka Flash ROM)
Commonly known as EEPROM.
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EPROM - EROM - FEPROM - Flash ROM - ROM
EES (Escrow Encryption Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Encryption - Standard/Protocol
EFA (Extended File Attribute)
Back to/Related subjects - File
EFF (Electronic Font Foundry)
A Company specialising in....Fonts.
EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
An organisation concerned with the social and legal issues surrounding the use of computers.
EFI (Electromechanical Frequency Interference)
EFI (Electronics For Imaging)
EFL (Emitter Follower Logic)
EFM (Eight to Fourteen Modulation aka 8/14M (CDs))
Each Byte is stored in 14-bit on the CD and converted to 8-bit on the fly, for use by the System.
EFTS (Electronic Funds Transfer System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
EGA (Enhanced/Extended Graphics Adaptor)
A graphics Resolution used primarily on IBM PCs and their clones.
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
EGREP (Extended Global Regular Expression Print (UNIX))
EHLLAPI (Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Interface (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulator - High Level Language (HLL) - Interface
EIA (Electronic Industries Association)
EIDE (Enhanced/Extended IDE aka Fast ATA or High Performance ATA)
A development of IDE allowing four drives to be connected at once.
Back to/Related subjects - ATA
EIGRP (Enhanced Internet Gateway Routing Protocol (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway - Internet - Network - Protocol - Router
EIO (Enhanced Input/Output (Printers))
32-bit technology for faster printing compared to MIO which was/is 8-bit.
EIS (Executive Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture)
This is a 'Standard' expansion Interface as used on PC compatibles. (Also referred to as the A Bus).
EISP (European Internet Service Provider)
See - ISP
Eject Button
Used to Eject a Disc from the Drive (DD).
EL (ElectroLuminescent (Display technology))
EL (Erase Line)
ELAN (Emulated Local Area Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate - LAN
ELC (Embedded Linking and Control)
ELF (Executable and Linking Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format - Linking
ELF (Extremely Low Frequency)
ELS (Electronic Lodgement Service (Electronic Data Filing))
ELS (Entry Level System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ELSPA (European Leisure Software Publishers Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
EM (Electronic Mail aka Email)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
EM (EMphasized)
EM (End of Medium)
EM (Expanded Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EMA (Electronic Mail Association)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
EMA (Enterprise Management Architecture)
EMACS (Editor MACroS)
A text Editor often used on UNIX Systems.
Email (Electronic mail aka EM aka E-Mail)
Electronic Data Transfer System for personal Messages, or
A means of communicating electronically with other computer Users via a LAN, WAN, or through a Modem to a national or international computer centre. One of the most popular uses for the Internet, and for some people has almost replaced the normal postal system (aka snail-mail). Email allows you to send text, pictures, sounds and even video clips to anybody else in the world with an email address in a matter of seconds. All you pay is the price of the phone call while you are connected to the Internet, and sometimes a monthly fee to your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Email Address
A unique description of the 'place' to which Messages are sent if they are for a particular person or group. eg. Bill@home.demon.co.uk.
Back to/Related subjects - Address - Demon
Email Reader
A program that allows you to send and receive emails and keep lists of commonly used email addresses. eg. Outlook Express.
EMB (Extended Memory Block)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EMBARC (Electronic Mail Broadcast to A Roaming Computer (Motorola))
Back to/Related subjects - Email
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
EMC (Enhanced Memory Chip)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EMC (E-Mail Connection)
Back to/Related subjects - Email
EMC (Extended Math Coprocessor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)
EML (Electronic MaiL (File extension - .EML))
Back to/Related subjects - Email
EMM (Expanded Memory Manager)
DOS System utility allowing Programs to access Memory above the 1Mb limit that constrained earlier versions. The most common is EMM386, included with DOS 5.0 and above.
EMM (Extended Memory Management)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EMMS (Electronic Music Management System (IBM)
Back to/Related subjects - System
Emoticon (Emotional icon aka Smiley)
See - Smiley.
EMR (Electro-Magnetic Radiation)
EMR (Enhanced Metafile Record)
EMS (Electronic Mail System)
Back to/Related subjects - Email - System
EMS (Electronic Message Service)
EMS (Expanded Memory Specification)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
EMSAPI (Extended Messaging Services Application Programming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface - Programming
Emulate (aka Simulate)
To appear to be something else. One System through the use of Software or an Expansion Card can be used as if it was a different System and make use of Software specifically for that System.
EMWAC (European Microsoft WindowsNT Academic Centre)
Back to/Related subjects - WindowsNT
ENC (ENCoded file (File extension - .ENC))
Encoding (Fonts)
Group of Octets which may be used to encode a Character.
Encryption
The manipulation of a Packet's Data (scrambling) in order to prevent any but the intended recipient reading that data.
ENDEC (ENcoder/DECoder)
ENDS (END Segment)
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer)
First fully electronic digital computer.
ENQ (ENQuiry)
ENSS (Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - System
Entity
A particular representation or rendition of a Data Resource, or reply from a service Resource,that may be enclosed within a Request or Response Message. It consists of Meta-Information in the form of Entity Headers and content in the form of an Entity body.
Enviroment String
A String used to store enviroment settings. These may typically be Start-Up options for an Application. ie. Pre-set Configured options.
EOA (End Of Address)
EOB (End Of Block)
EOC (End Of Conversion)
EOF (End Of File)
Back to/Related subjects - File
EOF (Enterprise Objects Framework (Next Computers))
EOI (End Of Interrupt)
EOI (End Or Identify)
EOJ (End Of Job)
EOL (End Of Line)
EOL (End Of List)
EOM (End Of Message)
EOR (Exclusive OR aka XOR)
EOS (Earth Observing System (NASA))
Back to/Related subjects - System
EOS (End Of String)
Back to/Related subjects - String
EOSDIS (Earth Observing System Data and Information System (NASA))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - System
EOT (End Of Table)
EOT (End Of Tape)
Marker in a Data cassette.
EOT (End Of Text aka ETX)
EOT (End Of Transmission (Comms))
EP (ElectroPhotographic engine)
EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Centre)
EPIC (Explicit/ly Parallel Instruction-set Computing (64-bit Compiler))
Back to/Related subjects - Parallel
EPL (Effective Privilege Level)
EPLD (Electrically Programmable Logic Device)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
EPM (Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
EPM (Enterprise Process Management (IBM))
EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port)
Back to/Related subjects - Parallel - Port
EPROM (Electrically/Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
A form of non-volatile Memory that remains unchanged even when the power is switched off but which can be altered by using ultraviolet radiation to erase the information and high voltages to re-program it.
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EEPROM - EEROM - EROM - FEPROM - Flash ROM - Program - ROM
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
This is a type of computer-generated File containing the necessary PostScript commands to reproduce the picture. It usually includes a 'snapshot' of the picture that can be used for positioning purposes. EPS is a defined Standard allowing output from one Application to be used within another. Also
File extension - .EPS
EPSF (Encapsulated PostScript Files)
Back to/Related subjects - File
ER/RC (Extended Result/Response Code)
ERA (Edinburgh RiscOS users Association)
Back to/Related subjects - RiscOS - Users
ERA (Extended Registry Attributes)
ERAS (Electronic Routing and Approval System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ERD (Emergency Repair Disc (W95))
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center (Internet))
ERLL (Enhanced Run Length Limited)
ERMA (Electronic Recording Method Accounting)
EROM (Erasable Read Only Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EEPROM - EEROM - EPROM - FEPROM - Flash ROM - ROM
EROS (Earth Resources Observation System (USA))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ERR (ERRor)
Error Box
A special type of Dialogue Box that gives information to a User about the type of error that has occurred, requiring him to acknowledge that it has been read. Sometimes the user is given a choice of actions. eg. Continue or Quit.
Error Correction
Used with some modern Modems (V42/V90) to check that Data transmission does not contain errors.
Error Correction Protocol
A technique used in Modems to cancel out line-noise and repeat Online transmissions when an error occurs.
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
Error Diffusion (Printing)
A blending of individual coloured dots with the colours of the surrounding dots to create the appearance of natural colours. Best suited for printing Documents that contain detailed graphics or photographic images.
ERU (Emergency Recovery/Rescue Utility (MicroSoft W95 Software))
ES (Expert System (Diagnostics Software))
ES (Extra Segment)
ESA (Enterprise Systems Architecture (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ESA (European Space Agency)
ESC (EISA System Component)
Back to/Related subjects - EISA - System
ESC (ESCape)
ESC/P (Epson Standard Code for Printers)
A command language that allows you to control your (Epson) Printer from your computer.
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
ESCD ?
Area of non-volatile Memory used by BIOS and ICU (Intel Configuration Utility) or plug-and-play (P&P Operating Systems (OS), to record information about System Configuration.
ESCM (Extended Services Communications Manager (IBM))
ESCON (Enterprise System Connection (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ESD (Education Software and Devices (NZ Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Software
ESD (Electronic Software Distribution)
Back to/Related subjects - Software
ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge)
ESDI (Enhanced Small/System Device Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Interface - System
ESF (Extended SuperFrame)
ESI (Enhanced Serial Interface (Hayes))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Serial
ESM (Electrical Systems Management Ltd (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ESMR (Enhanced Specialised Mobile Radio)
ESN (Electronic Security Number)
ESP (Emulation Sensing Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor - Emulate
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)
ESP (Enhanced Serial Port (Hayes))
Back to/Related subjects - Serial Port
ESP (Enhanced Service Provider)
Back to/Related subjects - ISP
ESP (Estimated Selling Price)
ESP (Expressive Software Projects (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
ESR (Event Service Routine)
ESS (Electronic Switching System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ESU (Electro-Static Unit)
ET (Enhancement Technology)
ETACS (Extended Total Access Communication System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ETANN (Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (Intel chip)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
ETB (End of Transmission Block)
ETC (Electronic Toll Collection)
ETC (Enhanced Throughput Cellular (AT&T Modem Protocol))
ETF (Enriched Text Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
Ethernet
A type of high speed (10Mbps) LAN developed by Xerox Corporation in the late '70s.
Back to/Related subjects - FDDI
ETOM (Electron-Trapping Optical Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
ETPL (Endorsed Tempest Products List)
ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (Korea))
ETRN (?)
ETS (Econometric Time Series)
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
ETX (End of TeXt aka EOT)
EU (Execution Unit)
EUC (End User Computing)
Back to/Related subjects - User
EUC (Extended Unix Code (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - UNIX
EUI (End-User Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - User
EULA (End User Licence Agreement)
A Legal agreement between the User and the manufacturer for use of Software.
EUNet (European UseNet)
The European part of Usenet.
EUTELSAT (EUropean TELecommunications SATellite organisation (Comms))
EUV (Extreme Ultra-Violet (Processor (CPU) Technology))
EVE (Extensible VAX Editor)
Back to/Related subjects - Editor - VAX
EVGA (Extended Video Graphics Adapter/Array)
Back to/Related subjects - VGA
EWS (Employee Written Software (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
ExCA (Exchangeable Card Architecture (Intel))
EXE (EXEcutable (File extension - .EXE))
EXE2BIN (EXEcutable 2 (to) BINary)
Program used to convert an EXE file to Binary Format format (COM) File
EXM (Enterprise Messaging Exchange)
EXP (EXPonent)
Expansion Card
Formerly called Podules or Peripheral Modules. An extra circuit board (PCB) fitted to your computer that will allow it to perform various extra functions which cannot be done with Software alone.
Back to/Related subjects - AGP
Expansion Slot
A location inside a computer which allows an Expansion Card to be fitted.
EXT (EXTernal)
Extended Memory (DOS)
See - XMS.
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
Extranet
Opening up/Joining your Intranet, Applications, Web-pages etc to another partner/Intranet etc.
EXTRN (EXTernal RefereNce)
Ezine (Electronic magazine)
The Internet equivalent of a magazine. These can either be Emailed to your Internet account or you can access them Online.
Back to/Related subjects - Zine

A-B-C-D-E

-F-

G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


F/T (Full Time aka FT)
FAB (FABrication)
Used to signify a Computer-Chip Fabrication Plant.
FAC (File Access Code)
Back to/Related subjects - File
Fahrenheit
API from MicroSoft & SGI (Silicon Graphics Incorporated) to standardise between Open GL (Graphics Language), and Direct 3D (Direct X) (Graphics Display). Three parts are FLM, FLL, and FSG.
FAMOS (Floating-gate Avalanche MOS)
FANS (Future Air Navigation System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
FAP (File Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - File - Protocol
FAPI (Family Application Program Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface - Program
FAQ (Frequently Asked Question(s))
Many FAQs can be found on the Internet. They (FAQ Documents) provide a list of answers to the most common questions to help out new Users (Newbies). You should always try to find and read any FAQs on a subject before sending out queries as experienced users get fed up repeatedly answering the same questions. FAQs can be found on: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/news.answers.
FARNET (Federation of American Research Networks (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
FASIC (Function and Algorithm-Specific Integrated Circuit)
FAST (Federation Against Software Theft)
An organisation supported by Software producers that is dedicated to preventing software piracy.
FAT (File Allocation Table)
Of DOS discs. It is a map of where all the parts of individual Files are located on the Disc.
FAT (Free Action Technology (Interface))
A means of controlling a computer without using Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick or Microphone. Video camera(s) is/are used which notices movement and the Program reacts accordingly.
Fax (Abbr for Facsimile)
A method of sending graphical Data down a Serial communication System (usually a telephone line) that involves (conventionally) Scanning a Document at one end, transmitting the data via modulated tones and then reproducing the picture at the other end on heat-sensitive paper. Computers are now able to link directly to fax Modems to allow computer-generated graphics to be transmitted as if they came from a conventional fax. Similarly, a computer and fax modem can be used to receive a fax transmission whether or not it is originated by a 'real' fax machine. It can then display it on the screen and/or output it via a conventional Printer.
FAX
Fax File extension - .FAX
Fax Modem
A Modem that is used to enable a computer to provide Fax-type transmission of Data down a telephone line.
FC (Fiber Channel (Hard Disc Technology))
FC/AL (Fiber Channel/Arbitrated Loop aka FC-AL (HD Technology)
FC/EL (Fiber Channel/Enhanced Loop)
FCB (File Control Block)
Back to/Related subjects - File
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
FCC (File Carbon Copy)
Usually denoted as FCC:
Back to/Related subjects - File
FCCSET (Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology)
FCI (Flux Changes per Inch)
FCR (FIFO Control Register)
Back to/Related subjects - FIFO
FCS (Fiber Channel Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard/Protocol
FCS (Frame Check Sequence)
FD (Floppy Disc/Drive)
This is a Data storage Medium/Device consisting of a removable flexible (floppy) magnetic Disc in a hard plastic case. These discs can be inserted as required into a floppy drive usually housed within the case of the computer. The most common Standard of floppy drive used now is 3½". Some 5¼" drives are still in use but the 8" floppies have virtually all been consigned to the museum of computer technology.
Back to/Related subjects - FDD - Floppy Disc/Drive
FD (Full Duplex aka FDX (Comms))
FDC (Floppy Disc/Drive Controller)
Back to/Related subjects - Floppy Drive
FDD (Floppy Disc Drive)
Now commonly abbreviated to FD.
FDDI (Fiber Digital Device Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Interface
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface (Networking))
A Standard for transmitting Data on optical fibre cables at a rate of around 100Mbps (10x as fast as Ethernet, 2x as fast as T-3).
Back to/Related subjects - bps (Baud) - Interface
FDISK (Fixed DISK)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc/Disk
FDISK (FormatDISK)
DOS command/utility.
Back to/Related subjects - Disc/Disk
FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)
FDX (Full DupleX aka FD (Comms))
FE (Further Education)
FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification)
FED (Field Emission/Emitter Display (Display Technology))
Reflective MEMS System.
FEFC (Further Education Funding Council)
FEFO (First-Ended, First-Out)
FEP (Front End Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
FEPI (Front End Programming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Programming
FEPROM (Flash EPROM)
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EEPROM - EEROM - EPROM - EROM - Flash ROM - ROM
FeRAM (Ferro-electric RAM)
Back to/Related subjects - RAM
FESDK (Far East Software Development Kit (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
FET (Field Effect Transistor)
Fetcher
A sub-Program of ArcWeb (a RISC OS Browser) that is used to actually get the pages. ArcWeb is purely a display program and knows nothing about how to get the pages. It just sends out a Message and any fetcher that is loaded and supports the required Protocol, gets the page and returns it to ArcWeb for display. Thus it is possible to use FTP and Gopher through ArcWeb as well as the more obvious HTTP. There is also the special Local fetcher for getting pages stored on your Hard Drive).
FF (Flip-Flop)
FF (Form Feed (Printers))
FFDC (First Failure Data Capture (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
FFS (Fast File System)
Back to/Related subjects - File System
FFST (First Failure Support Technology (IBM))
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform/Transformation)
FFT (Final Form Text(IBM))
FG(s) (Fantasy Game(s))
FG (Floating Gate)
FGREP (Fixed Global Regular Expression Print (UNIX))
FHS (Fan Heat-Sink)
FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum)
Fidonet
A Network of BBSs used to Transfer Files and Messages both nationally and internationally. It is slow because transfers only (usually) take place at night so messages can take days to get from source to destination, especially when going from country to country.
FIF (Fractal Image Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
FIFO (First In First Out).
File
A collection of information gathered together and given a filename and/or Filetype to identify it. It is stored in a Directory/Folder in a Filing System.
File Access
This controls/decides who can look at or change the File. Set by the person who creates the file.
File Attachment(s)
Emails are normally made up of plain text. However, you can attach any file (picture, Audio, Video) on your Computer to an email and send it along with the mail. The person receiving the email then unattaches the file and saves it onto their Computer.
File-Locks
To prohibit other people from looking at, or changing your Files. Also prevents you from accidentally deleting a file.
File-Type (aka Filetype)
A value associated with every File that specifies the type of Data that it contains.
Filer or Filing System
See - FS
Filer-Menu (RISC OS)
A Menu displayed by Clicking the centre (Menu) Mouse-button over a Directory Display.
Back to/Related subjects - Filer
FILO (First-In, Last-Out)
Finest Detail (Printing)
Makes a print-out sharper and clearer, although increasing the print-time.
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
Finger
A simple form of interrogation of a remote machine or User. The response may be details of who is currently logged on to the System or other informatiom as decided by the System Operator. If an individual is 'fingered', they may respond with a 'plan' File giving witty and/or useful information about the user.
The most common use is to see if a person has an account at a particular Internet Site, eg University etc.
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard/Protocol
FIR (Fast Infra-Red (Device type))
FIR (Finite Impulse Response)
Firewall
A security System to restrict access to certain computers, areas or information. A firewall is normally a computer or Router that is put between a local Network and an external network such as the Internet. It will normally enable all Users on the inside to connect to the outside, but not the other way around.
FIRM (Business or FIRM (Internet Domain Name)
Usually .FIRM
Firmware
This refers to Software, Applications and/or Data which is stored in a ROM.
FIRST (Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams)
FIT (Fingerprint Identification Technology (Security Device))
FIU (Fingerprint Identification Unit (Sony))
FIX (Federal Internet eXchange)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
FLAG (Fiber Link Around the Globe (Comms))
World's longest submarine Cable. 28,000 kms long.
Flame
An offensive or abusive Message, or derogatory comment on Usenet.
Flame-War
A Usenet discussion consisting of a series of offensive or abusive Messages or derogatory comments.
A heated or passionate debate.
Flamebait
A provocative Posting to Usenet that deliberately tries to elicit Flames.
Flash ROM
To change the contents of a conventional EPROM, the chip has to be removed and erased using ultra-violet radiation. It can then be electrically re-Programmed. A Flash ROM, by contrast, can be re-programmed electrically in situ. ie. It can be reprogrammed through Software.
Back to/Related subjects - EAROM - EEPROM - EROM - FEPROM - ROM
FLC (Ferro-electric Liquid Crystal (Display Technology))
FLD (FieLD)
FLL (Fahrenheit Low Level (Graphics Display))
API concerned mainly with basic Geometry Control.
Back to/Related subjects - Fahrenheit - FLM - FSG
FLL (Fox-pro Link Library (MicroSoft Fox Pro))
Back to/Related subjects - Library - Link
FLM(V) (Fahrenheit Large Model (Visualisation) (Graphics Display))
High Level API designed for CAD-style Applications.
Back to/Related subjects - Fahrenheit - FLL - FSG
Floating Point Numbers
See - FPN
Floppy Disc/Drive
See - FD
FLOPS (FLoating-point Operations Per Second or FLOating-Point operations per Second (Processing Speed))
Back to/Related subjects - CPU - GFLOPS - MFLOPS - TFLOPS
FLR (FoLdeR (File extension - .FLR))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory/Folder
FM synthesis (Frequency Modulation synthesis)
A means of producing sound on a PC, although it does tend to sound artificial. Wavelength synthesis gives much better reproduction.
FMS (Forms Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
FMT (ForMaT)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
FMV (Full Motion Video)
A term used to refer to displaying video on a computer screen at full speed. Acorn Replay provides FMV at 12.5 or 25 frames per second (fps).
FNT (FoNT)
Back to/Related subjects - Fonts
FOCUS (Forum of Control data USers)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - User
FOD (Fax On Demand)
Back to/Related subjects - Fax
FOG (First Osborne Group)
FOIRL (Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link (IEEE))
Folder
Another name for a Directory
FOLDOC (Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing)
Followup
An Article posted to a Newsgroup (NG) in response to an earlier Posting. ie. An answer or reply.
FON (FONt (File extension - .FON))
Back to/Related subjects - Fonts
FON (Phone - Phonetically FON (File extension - .FON))
FON (Phone Directory - Phonetically FON (File extension - .FON))
Fonts (aka Character Sets)
Characters on the screen and on the printed page can take on all sorts of different shapes and styles. A font is a set of characters that have been designed so that all the letters of the alphabet and a whole range of other special characters (200 or more in a complete set) have the same Style. There are also sets of related fonts using the same basic style but with the characters angled (italic) or made heavier (bold) or both (bold italic).
Back to/Related subjects - Aliasing - Bezier - Character Encodings - Encoding - Glyph - Glyph Instance - Kerning - Outline FontsTypeface - Weight
Foo/Foobar
A sort of Online algebraic place holder. For example: 'If you want to know when another Site is run by a for-profit company, look for an Address in the form of foo@foobar.com.' ie. It's a techical term for 'thingi', 'whatsit' or 'doodah'.
FOR (FORtran source code (File extension - .FOR))
Back to/Related subjects - FORTRAN - HLL
Form (aka E-Form)
An HTML extension which allows the Client to send Data to a CGI Program on the Server. Forms are used to collect data. eg. If you are asked to fill out a comments form on a Web Page.
Format
A term used to mean a Standard, Protocol, or Layout, or
An option for text/graphics positioning (DTP etc), or more generally -
Formatting is preparing a Floppy Disc (FD) or Hard Disc (HD) ready to receive Data. Hard Discs usually arrive ready-formatted. Floppy discs may be formatted in a number of different ways. Not all formats of floppy disc can be read on all computers.
Without any extra Software, Acorn computers can read and write various Acorn formats as well as a number of different PC and Atari formats. With extra software, other formats, such as Apple Mac, are also accessible on Acorn computers.
FORTH
Programming Language - See HLL
FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator)
Programming Language - See HLL
Fortune Cookie (aka Tagline)
An inane/witty/profund comment that can be found around the Net, usually on the end of someones Email.
FOSE (Federal Office Systems Exposition)
Back to/Related subjects - System
FOSI (Format Option Specification Instance)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
FOSSIL (Fido-Opus-Seadog Standard Interface Layer)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Standard/Protocol
FP (Floating Point)
See FPN
FP (Full Product (Software))
A full program with no restrictions on use.
FPA (Floating Point Accelerator aka FPU)
This is a Hardware add-on to a CPU which enables it to do Floating Point calculations more quickly by doing them in hardware rather than in Software.
Back to/Related subjects - FPN - FPU
FPB (File Processor Buffering)
Back to/Related subjects - Buffer - File - Processor
FPC (Floating Point Calculation)
FPCE (Floating-Point C Extension (specification))
Back to/Related subjects - C
FPE (Floating Point Emulator)
If an Application requires full Floating Point calculations, it is possible to run it on a computer that doesn't actually have an FPA by Emulating the FPA's functions in Software.
Back to/Related subjects - FPN
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays (Hardware Chips))
Back to/Related subjects - Program
FPLA (Field Programmable Logic-Array)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
FPM (Fast Page Mode)
Type of DRAM.
Back to/Related subjects - Screen Mode
FPN (Floating Point Numbers)
In order to represent a wider range of numbers than can be done with integers, and to represent fractions, computers use floating point numbers. These use a number of bytes (usually four) to represent the main part of the number and another Byte to represent the power of two by which the number is multiplied.
Back to/Related subjects - Floating Point Numbers
FPP (Fixed Path Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
FPP (Floating Point Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
FPR (Floating-Point Register)
FPS (Favorite Picture Selection)
FPS (Frames Per Second aka fps)
The speed at which a film or animation is displayed on a VDU.
FPT (Forced Perfect Termination)
FPU (Floating Point Unit aka FPA)
Another name for an FPA.
FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)
The complete Address of a Site on the Internet.
Back to/Related subjects - Domain - Domain Name
FRAD (Frame Relay Access Device)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
FRAD (Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler)
FRAG (FRAGment/FRAGmentation)
Fragmentation (DOS)
The result of storing information/Data onto Disc. DOS tries to fill any gaps from previously deleted Data, and if the new Data will not fit, it is split (Fragmented), resulting in that Data/File being placed in a number of locations on the Disc. This can result in a delay whilst all the relevent Data is retrieved.
Defragmenting attempts to reunite all the parts to one location, decreasing retrieval times.
FRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - RAM
Frames
Frames allow a Browser to display content from two or more Web Pages at once. A common use of frames is to have a table of contents on one side of the browser linking to more pages on the other side.
FrAUG (French Acorn User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
FRC (Funtional Redundancy Checking)
FRED (FRame EDitor)
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
FRED (FRont-End to Dish)
Freeware
See - FW
FRPI (Flux Reversals Per Inch)
FRS
WordPerfect Graphics Driver File extension - .FRS
Back to/Related subjects - Driver
FS (File Separator)
Back to/Related subjects - File
FS (Filing System aka Filer)
A System used to handle the storage of information. eg. ADFS, CDFS, IDEFS, and SCSIFS filers are the most common.
Back to/Related subjects - Filer
FSB (Federation for Small Businesses)
FSCK (File System ChecK (File error-correction))
FSD (File System Driver (OS/2))
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - File - File System
FSE (Full Screen Editor)
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
FSF (Free Software Federation/Foundation (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
FSG (Fahrenheit Scene Graph (Graphics Display))
API Rendering.
Back to/Related subjects - Fahrenheit - FLL - FLM
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
FSN (Full Service Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
FSP (File Service Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - File - Protocol
FSR (Free System Resources)
Back to/Related subjects - Resources - System
FST (Flat Screen Technology (Monitors))
FST (Flat/Flatter Square/Squarer Tube (Monitors))
FSU (Film Scanning Unit (Scanners))
A socket fitted to Scanners that allows attachments to scan film-strips/negatives/slides etc.
FT (Full Time aka F/T)
FTAM (File Transfer, Access and Management)
Back to/Related subjects - File - Transfer
FTAM (File Transfer and Access Method)
Back to/Related subjects - File - Transfer
FTL (Flash Transition Layer (Intel))
FTM (Flat Tension Mask (Zenith))
FTP (File Transfer Protocol/Program)
The rules/Protocol by which Files may be Transferred across the Internet, between 2 Sites. In its most general form, it allows Users to exchange files with a remote Internet Host. This requires an account on the FTP Server and a valid PassWord (PW). However, a large number of sites provide an anonymous FTP service which allows anyone to Login with restricted access. There is a huge wealth of information and Programs available via anonymous FTP.
FTP site (File Transfer Protocol Site)
A computer were Files are available for Downloading (DL)
Back to/Related subjects - Transfer - Protocol - Site
FTPD (File Transfer Protocol Daemon)
Back to/Related subjects - Daemon - FTP
FTTC (Fiber To The Curb)
??
FTS (Federal Telecommunication System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
FTX (Fault Tolerant uniX)
Back to/Related subjects - UNIX
FUI (File Update Information)
Back to/Related subjects - File
FUNC (FUNCtion)
Function Keys
These are the set of twelve keys at the top (generally) of the Keyboard, all prefixed with an 'F'. What they do will depend on the Application currently in use. On RISC OS the 'F3' key is generally used for Saving Files.
FVT (Full Video Translation)
FW (FreeWare)
Software that doesn't cost anything...Well almost. You may have to pay for the Discs or to Download (DL) it. The publishers of the software do not require you to pay a license or registration fee.
Back to/Related subjects - FreeWare

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G/L (General Ledger)
GA (General Availability)
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)
GAG (German Archimedes Group).
Gaining the Caret
The point at which a Window/Menu/Dialogue-Box gains the Input-Focus (IF). Usually signified by the Title-Bar changing colour.
Back to/Related subjects - Caret
GAL (Generic Array Logic)
GAPI (Gateway Application Programming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Gateway - Interface - Program
GART (Graphics Address Relocation Table)
Gateway
Technical meaning for a Hardware or Software set-up that translates between two dissimilar Protocols, or
A computer which links together two or more separate Networks, or
A Computer Manufacturer (Company).
GATT (Graphics Address Translation Table)
Gb (Gigabit)
1,024 megabits. ie.One Billion Bits of Information
Gb (Gigabyte)
1024Mb. Approximately one thousand million or 1 Billion Bytes of computer Data. ie Characters of Information. 1024 x 1024 x 1024 = 1,073,741,824 bytes.
Back to/Related subjects - Kb - Mb - Tb
GBP (Great British Pounds (Usenet))
Common Usenet abbreviation for the 'pound' sign. Written this way because not all Web Browsers can display the correct Character
GCC (GNU C-Compiler (UNIX))
Back to/Related subjects - GNU - C - Compiler
GCR (Group Code Recording)
GDA (Global Data Area)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
GDBM (Gnu DataBase Manager aka gdbm (PERL))
Software for managing Associative Arrays.
Back to/Related subjects - Data - DB (DataBase) - GNU - Manager
GDDM (Graphics Data Display Manager)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Manager
GDG (Generation Data Group (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
GDI (Graphical/Graphics Device Interface )
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Interface
GDLC (Generic Data Link Control (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Link
GDP (Graphic Draw Primitive)
GDT (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing)
GDT (Global Descriptor Table)
GDT (Graphics Development Toolkit)
GECOS (General Electric Comprehensive Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System
GEIS (General Electric Information Service (Company))
GEM (Graphics Environment Manager)
Back to/Related subjects - Manager
GENIE (General Electric Network for Information Exchange)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
Genlock
This is a Device which enables the output from the computer's video System to be synchronised with a normal video signal so that computer-generated text and graphics can be superimposed on the video signal.
GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit (Comms))
GEOS (Graphic Environment Operating System)
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System
GET (Get Execute Trigger)
A type of Request from a Client sent to a Server, asking that the specified Resource be retrieved. Parameters are passed to CGI Programs via the URL, prefixed by a '?'.
GFLOPS (Giga (1000 million) FLoating-point Operations Per Second (Processing Speed))
Back to/Related subjects - CPU - FLOPS - MFLOPS - TFLOPS
GGP (Gateway-Gateway Protocol (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway - Protocol
GHZ (GigaHertZ aka GHz)
Back to/Related subjects - MHz
GID (Global InDex (Windows 95 Filetype extension .GID)
GID (Group IDentification)
A number used to identify a group of Users in the UNIX Operating System (OS).
GIF (Graphics Image/Interchange Format)
A Standard Format for storing and Transferring Bit-Mapped Graphics in Compressed format. Limited to 256 colours, also
File extension - .GIF
GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out)
GII (Global Information Infrastructure)
GILS (Government Information Locator Service)
GIMPS (Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (Internet Project))
Began in 1996. Internet based project to find (new) prime numbers. Current membership consists of over 4000 people around the world. To date (July 98) the largest prime number found was by Roland Clarkson, 19 year old student from California, and the number is (2~3021337-1), and if written out in full would contain 909526 digits. Calculations took 46 days on a 200 MHz Pentium (running part-time)
GIS (Geographical Information System (Digital Cartography))
Back to/Related subjects - System
GIS (Global Information Solutions (AT&T))
GIS (Graphical Information System (eg. Maps))
Back to/Related subjects - System
GIX (Global Internet eXchange (Internet))
GKS (Graphical Kernel System)
Back to/Related subjects - Kernel - System
GL (Graphics Language aka Open GL)
GLIS (Global Land Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
GLM (General Linear Models)
GLOBE (Global Learning by Observations to Benefit the Environment (Internet))
GLV (Grating Light Value)
Reflective MEMS System for image display.
GLY (GLossarY ((File extension - .GLY))
Glyph (Fonts)
Description of the shape which may be used for the representation of a Character in such a way that all characters in a given set have a unique possible shape.
Glyph Instance (Fonts)
Result of operating on a Character with a given shape description by some rendering engine.
GM (General Midi)
Normal voices present in MIDI Files.
GML (Generalized Markup Language)
Back to/Related subjects - HTML
GMP (Global Mobile Professional)
GMR (Giant Magneto Resistive (Hard Drive Head Technology))
Allows higher capacity Recording (Data storage) than MRX Drives.
Back to/Related subjects - Hard Drive
GMS (Global Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
GMS (Global Messaging Service (Novell))
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)
GNAT (GNu Ada Translator)
Back to/Related subjects - GNU
GND (GrouND)
GNKSAU (Good NetKeeping Seal of Approval for Usenet)
Protocol/rules for Usenet related Programming techniques.
Back to/Related subjects - Net
GNN (Global Network Navigator)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
GNU (Gnu's Not Unix)
A project of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to write a free version of the UNIX Operating System (OS).
Gopher
Essentially a text-only precursor of the WWW. The User explores a Gopher server using a Menu-driven Interface (IF). Pages of textual information are often available, also
Search interfaces to DataBases. Largely died the death since the WWW stole it's thunder.
Gopherspace
The facilities and information linked together by Gopher Servers.
GOSIP (Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile)
Back to/Related subjects - System
GOV (GOVernmental (Internet Domain Name))
GP (Gas Plasma)
GP (General Purpose)
GPF (General Protection Fault)
Windows (W95) way of warning you that a Program has tried to access a portion of RAM that is protected from unauthorised intrusion. In practice, this means that the program has crashed, and you may need to re-Boot.
GPI (Graphics Programming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Program
GPIB (General Purpose Information/Interface Bus)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - Interface
GPL (General Public Licence)
GPO (Group Policy Object (WNT))
GPR (General Purpose Register (IBM))
GPRS (General Packet Radio System (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Packet - System
GPS (Global Positioning Satellite/System (Comms))
Tracking/positioning System using satellites and radio signals.
GPSS (General Purpose Systems Simulator)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate/Simulate - System
GRADD (Graphics Adapter Device Driver (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Driver
Grayscale/Greyscale (Printers)
A scale of shades of gray/grey, from black to white. Used to represent colours when printing with black ink only.
Gray/Grey Levels
A photograph may have some areas completely white and some completely black. Most areas however, will be somewhere in between. If you wish to represent that picture electronically, you have to judge the 'greyness' of each part of the picture. If you represent this on a scale of 0 to 15 (16 grey levels), it will not give such a faithful representation of the picture as if 64 or 256 grey levels were used. However, the more grey levels used to represent each point on the picture, the more Data is being used. eg. In 256 grey levels, a full A4 picture scanned at 400 dpi could occupy as much as 12Mb!
GRE (GRaphics Engine)
GREP (Global Regular Expression Print)
GRF (GRaph(F) (File extension - .GRF))
GRINS (GRaphical INterface for SMIL (SMIL Player and Authoring Enviroment - SPAE))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF)
GROD (Graphically Rich Online Documents)
Text with added pictures!
Back to/Related subjects - Documents - Online
GRP (GRouP (File extension - .GRP))
GS (Group Separator)
GSA (General Storage Area)
An Area where newly created Data is stored for later placement or
Main Data storage section.
GSI (General Server Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Server
GSM (Global Shared Memory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
GSM (Global System for Mobile-Communications (Network))
Back to/Related subjects - System
GSNW (Gateway Service for NetWare (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway
GSP (Generic Server Passer)
Back to/Related subjects - Server
GSSP (Global System Service Provider (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - System
GSTN (General Switched Telephone Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
GTE (General Telephone Electronics (Company))
GTF (General Timing Format (Display Technology))
eg. Screen Refresh Rates.
Back to/Related subjects - Format
GTL (Gunning Transceiver Logic)
GTO (Guide To Operations (IBM))
GTP (Geometry Theorem Prover)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
At one time, virtually all Interaction between humans and computers was done on the basis of the human typing words or codes into some form of Keyboard, and the displays were only able to show text Characters, not graphical images. As computing power became more accessible, it became possible to provide a form of interaction that was based far more on pictures (Icons) within Windows on the screen. The User could then indicate choice and initiate action by using a Mouse or trackerball to move a Pointer around the screen.
A way of presenting a computer to its user. Basically, a GUI usually implies the use of graphical elements such as windows and icons, plus a pointing tool such as the mouse.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
GUID (Global Universal IDentifier)
GUID (Globally Unique IDentifier)
GVT (Global Virtual Time)
GW-BASIC (Gee Whiz BASIC)
Back to/Related subjects - BASIC
gz gzip
Compressed File extension - .gz Using UNIX GZIP Compress/decompression Program
GZIP (Gnu ZIP)
A popular UNIX Compressed File format.
Back to/Related subjects -GNU - ZIP

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H (Header (C File extension - .H))
H/V (Horizontal/Vertical)
H/W (Hardware aka HDW aka HW)
See HW
Hacking
Unauthorised access to a WebSite or Computer System.
HACMP (High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing (IBM))
HAL (Hard Array Logic)
HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer)
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware
HAL (Heuristically-programmed ALgorithmic-computer)
From 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey", also supposedly taken from the previous alphabetic letters to IBM as they were not allowed to advertise Company names.
HAL (House-Programmed Array Logic)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
Halftones/Halftoning (Printing)
A method of using patterns of black or coloured dots to represent an image. Allows different shades of gray using only black ink or an (almost) infinate array of colours using only a few colours of dots.
Back to/Related subjects - Greyscale - Grey Levels - Printer
Handshake
A series of signals sent back and forth between sending Modem and receiving modem to ensure that Data is not lost through Overflow. ie. If the data is arriving faster than the computer is storing it, or
At a computer level, it is the process of agreeing about a Protocol and also the process of exchanging protocol information, or
Two modems trying to connect, first do this to agree on how to Transfer data.
HAP (Host Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Host - Protocol
Hard Drive
See - HD (Hard Disc/Drive)
HardWare (aka H/W aka HDW aka HW)
See - HW
HASP (Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System))
Back to/Related subjects - Spool
HAVi (Home Audio/Video interoperability)
Hayes Command Set
A set of instructions for controlling basic Modem functions, usually contained within your communications Programs.
HBA (Host Bus Adapter)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - Host
HCA (Host Channel Adapter (Networking)
Back to/Related subjects - Host
HCCS (? (Company))
A Company producing RISC OS-related products.
HCI (Human Computer Interaction (Interface))
The link between User and Hardware eg. Mouse, Keyboard, Microphone, Motion-Camera etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Interaction - Interface
HCL (Hardware Compatibility List)
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware
HCSS (High Capacity Storage System)
Back to/Related subjects - Device - System
HCU (Home Computer User)
Back to/Related subjects - User
HD (Hard Disc/Drive)
A case containing a number of rigid metal Discs covered with magnetised material that can be used to store Data. It usually has a capacity of several megabytes (Mbs) or even gigabytes (Gbs).
Back to/Related subjects - Byte - Hard Drive - HDD
HD (High Definition aka SVGA)
Refers to Monitors. Better than VGA Resolution.
Back to/Related subjects - SVGA
HD (High Density)
Refers to Floppy Discs. A HD Disc can hold 1.6Mb on an Acorn or 1.44Mb on a PC.
Back to/Related subjects - High Density Floppy Discs
HDA (Head Disk Assembly)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc/Disk
HDCD (High Definition Compatible Digital)
HDD (Hard Disc Drive)
Commonly abbreviated to HD. See - HD (Hard Disc/Drive)
HDF (Hierarchical Data Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Format - Hierarchical
HDI (Head to Disk Interference)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc/Disk
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Link
HDM (Hardware Device Module)
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware - Device - Module
HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language (Web Authoring))
Web Sites designed specifically for low Bandwidth Devices with small screens.
HDR (HeaDeR)
HDSC (High Density Signal Carrier (DEC))
HDSL (High-bit/data-rate Digital Subscriber Line/Loop (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - bit - Data
HDSS (Holographic Data Storage System)
Next Generation of Data Storage Devices.
HDT (Host Digital Terminal)
Back to/Related subjects - Host - Terminal
HDTV (High Definition TeleVision)
HDVD (High Definition Volumetric Display)
HDW (HarDWare aka H/W Hardware aka HW)
See - HW
HDX (Half DupleX)
Header
The top of an Email or Usenet Message containing the details of the sender, date, time, routing and other technical information. Much of the header is of limited interest to the average User, and is therefore sometimes filtered out by an email or newsreader package. Some Web Browsers/newsreader packages allow you not to display the header when reading, or
The first few Bytes of File Data which gives such information as, size, Filetype etc.
HENSA (Higher Education National Software Archives)
A National Service which benefits the higher education and research community in the UK. It maintains copies of electronic Archives from all over the world free of charge to anyone in the UK Higher Education Community.
Back to/Related subjects - Software
HERC (HERCules)
HES (Home Entertainment System)
HEX (HEXadecimal)
A sequence of counting based on 16, where 10 = 0A, 11 = 0B, 12 = 0C, 13 = 0D, 14 = 0E, 15 = 0F, and 16 = 10. Hexadecimal Nos are usually preceded by an '&', eg. &10 meaning 16 (Decimal).
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
HFS (Hierarchical File System (Mac))
Back to/Related subjects - File System - Hierarchical
HFC (Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial (Network cables))
HFT (High Function Terminal (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Terminal
HGA (Hercules Graphics Adapter)
HGCP (Hercules Graphics Card Plus)
HH (Hour Hour)
Syntax (See Parameter) signifying that a 2-figure number must be entered for the time in Hours, eg 04, 05, 21 etc.
Hierarchical
This is usually used in referring to the Data structure on storage Media.
Back to/Related subjects - Directory.
HIF (Hyper-G Interchange Format)
Back to/Related subjects - Format
HIFD (HIgh-density Floppy Discs aka HD aka HDFD)
See - HD (High Density)
High Density Floppy Discs
See - HD (High Density)
High Level Language
See - HLL
High-Speed Printing
Printing images in both directions (of the Print-head). This can halve the time taken to print an image that only gets printed in one direction of the print-head.
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
HIL (Human Interface Link)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Link
HIMEM (HIgh MEMory)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
HIPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Parallel - Serial/Serial Port
History (aka History List)
Your Browser stores a list of every site that you visit so that you can easily return to them. This list is usually cleared after a pre-set number of days, set by the user.
Hit
On WWW, Hit means a single Request from a Web Browser for a single item from a web Server. eg. For a web browser to display a page that contains 3 graphics, 4 Hits would occur - 1 for the HTML page, and one for each of the 3 graphics. Hits are often used as a rough measure of load on a server.
HLCO (High Low Close Open)
HLL (High Level Language)
This refers to a computer language in which instructions that the Programmer enters are each converted into a number of machine code instructions by a Compiler or an interpreter. BASIC, Fortran, C etc are high level languages, whereas assembly language is a low level language (LLL).
Back to/Related subjects - High Level Language
HLLAPI (High Level Language Application Programming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - HLL - Interface - Program
HLP (HeLP (File extension - .HLP))
HLQ (High Level Qualifier)
HLS (Hue, Luminance, Saturation (Colours))
HLT (HaLT)
HMA (High Memory Area (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
HMA (Hub Management Architecture)
HMD (Head Mounted Display)
HMM (Hidden Markov Model)
HMMP (Hyper-Media Management Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Hypermedia - Protocol
HMOS (High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
HMOS (High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
HMP (Host Monitoring Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Host - Protocol
HMTC (Hampshire MicroTechnology Centre (Company))
Holy War
Arguments that involve certain basic tenets of faith, about which one cannot disagree without setting one of these off. eg. IBM PCs are inherently superior to Macintoshes.
Home Highway
New Service from BT offering a combination of 1 Analogue and 2 Digital lines, as long as a maximum of any combination of 2 are used at the same time. ie. 2 digital (Data), or 1 analogue (for voice) and 1 digital (for Data).
Home Page
Originally, the Web Page that your Web Browser uses when it starts up, but more common, the main web page for a business, organization, or person, usually the Main Index on that WWW Site.
HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance)
Home-Networking over internal/extension phone-lines.
HomeRun
New Local Network using (new AMD range of) Ethernet card and Standard phone cables/connectors.
Host
From a User's point of view, a host is a computer or service which allows you access to the Internet. More technically, it is a computer running a Protocol Stack which is connected to a Network. Each host has a numeric Address which is unique to the network, and usally a Host Name as well. In this context, the protocol stack will probably be the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS), the network will be the Internet and the numeric address will be an IP address (IPA).
Host Name
The name given to an individual computer. eg. The machine that handles mail at Demon is called 'post', and combining this with its Domain gives its full Internet Address of post.demon.co.uk - You can invent your own Host name when joining Demon.
HOTT (Hot Off The Tree)
Referring to an electronic newsletter, rather than a normal printed newsletter which would be 'Hot off the Press'
Hot-Link (aka Hyperlink)
Part of an HTML page that has a Connection to another page, usually signified by an underline and different colour to the normal text.
Back to/Related subjects - Link
Hourglass
This is the egg-timer thing that appears on the screen all too often, telling you that the Application is taking a long time to do something and that it doesn't want interrupting. It may be displayed as a rotating wheel, or any other type of animation depending on the particular Hourglass Module you are using at the time. It also indicates that Multi-Tasking (MT) is suspended temporarily.
HP (Hewlett Packard)
A company known for making Printers.
HPA (High Performance Addressing (Screen/Display Technology/Programming))
HPC (Handheld Personal Computer aka Handheld PC)
Microsoft term for PIMs, Notebooks etc.
Back to/Related subjects - PC
HPCC (High Performance Computing and Communications)
HPDJ (Hewlett-Packard Desk-Jet (Printer))
Back to/Related subjects - DJ
HPFS (High-Performance File System)
Back to/Related subjects - File System
HPG (Hewlett-Packard Graphics)
HPGL (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language)
HPIB (Hewlett Packard Interface Bus)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus - Interface (IF)
HPLJ (Hewlett-Packard Laser-Jet)
Back to/Related subjects - LJ
HPPA (Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture)
HPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Parallel - Serial
HPQ (High Priority Queue (Networking)
HPR (High Performance Routing (IBM))
HPUX (Hewlett-Packard UniX)
Back to/Related subjects - UNIX
HPW (High Performance Workstation (SUN))
HQX
BinHex (Mac File extension - .HQX))
HRIS (Human Resource Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
HRG (High Resolution Graphics)
HRMS (Human Resource Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function)
HS (High Speed)
HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness (Colours))
HSC (Hierarchical Storage Controller)
Back to/Related subjects - Hierarchical
HSC (High Speed Channel)
HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity (Colours))
HSM (Hierarchical Storage Management)
Back to/Related subjects - Hierarchical
HSP (High Speed Printer/Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Printer - Processor
HSP (Host System Processing (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Host - System
HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol (Networking))
System which allows 1 Router to monitor another and take over if it detects a problem.
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Protocol - System
HSSI (High Speed Serial Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Parallel - Serial
HST (High Speed Technology (US Robotics))
HST (HiSTory (File extension - .HST))
HST (HoST (File extension - .HST))
HSV (Hue Saturation Value)
This is a colour-picking System for use in DTP.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
Language/commands used for creating Web Pages/Documents, also
a way to Format text by placing marks/codes around the text. eg. To make a word bold or underline it. Early Word Processing (WP) Programs used to work this way.
Back to/Related subjects - Applet - GML - Hit - WWW
HTPP (Hyper-Text Printing Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Hyper-Text - Printer - Protocol
HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)
A Standard that tells computers how to communicate with each other.
Back to/Related subjects - Transfer - Protocol
HTTP (Hyper-Text Transport Protocol)
Protocol used for fetching linked Web Pages, or for moving Hyper-Text Files around the Internet. Requires a HTTP Server on one end and HTTP Client on the other.
Back to/Related subjects - Hypermedia - Protocol - WWW
HTTP-NG (HTTP - Next Generation)
Back to/Related subjects - HTTP
Hub The central position on a Network that all the Terminals plug into.
HUD (Head(s) Up Display)
HUT (Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope)
HVP (Horizontal & Vertical Position)
HW (Hardware aka H/W aka HDW)
The items that make up your computer System. ie. The Computer, Keyboard, Monitor, CD-ROM, Mouse, etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware
HWCP (Hardware Code Page)
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware
HWD (Height-Width-Depth)
Hypermedia
Media (such as pictures, videos, and audio), on a Web Page that Link the User to another web page by Clicking on those items. ie Graphical Hypertext.
Hypertext
A System enabling a reader to move between related pieces of information by Clicking on linking Keywords or pictures. The hypertext, or Links will usually be a different color than the other text on the page and is normally underlined.
Back to/Related subjects - Hypermedia
HYP (HYPhenation (File extension - .HYP))
HYTELNET (HYpertext-browser for TELNET-accessible sites)
Back to/Related subjects - (Web) Browser - Hypertext - Telnet
Hz (Hertz)
Back to/Related subjects - MHz

Start-A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H

-I-

J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


I-WAY (Information-highWAY aka Information Super-Highway (ISH))
I/F (Interface aka IF)See - Interface
I/O (Input/Output)
I2O (Intelligent Input/Output aka IIO)
IA (Information Area (Orange Book CDs))
1 part (of 2) of Orange Book CD setup used as a General Storage Area (GSA).
IA-32 (Intel Architecture - 32bit)
Back to/Related subjects - bit
IA-64 (Intel Architecture - 64bit)
Back to/Related subjects - bit
IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
Internet Regulatory Body, Formed 1983. Previously Internet Activities Board.
IAC (Inter-Application Communication (Mac))
Back to/Related subjects - Application
IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder)
Becoming addicted to using/Surfing the Internet.
IAG (Instruction Address Generation)
IAHC (International Ad-Hoc Committee)
A Group on the Internet that formed CORE
IAK (Internet Access Kit (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IAL (International Algebraic Language)
Now known as ALGOL - ALGorithmic Oriented Language)
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
Committee that makes the decisions regarding IP numbers (IPN See IPA), the creation of TLD names, and appointing registrars. Based at University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IAP (Internet Access Provider (Internet))
IAT (Import Address Table)
IAUP (Internet User Account Provider (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - User
IBB (Intelligent Bass Boost (Speakers))
IBC (Instrument Bus Computer)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
IBCS (Intel Binary Compatibility Specification)
Back to/Related subjects - Binary
IBM (International Business Machines)
Computer Manufacturing Company.
IBM-GL (IBM Graphics Language)
Back to/Related subjects - IBM
IC (Input Circuit)
IC (Integrated Circuit)
IC (Interrupt Controller)
ICA (Independant Computing Architecture (Citrix Systems))
Previously Intelligent Console Architecture.
ICA (Intelligent Console Architecture (Citrix Systems))
Now Independant Computing Architecture
ICA (Intra-application Communications Area)
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
New body appointed by US Govt to oversee the global Domain naming system (DNS.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
ICAP (Internet Calendar Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
ICAS (Intel Communicating Applications Specifications)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
ICB (Internet Citizen's Band)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
ICB (International Co-operation Board (Internet Group))
ICC (International Colour Consortium)
Profile for a Graphics file which lists it's colour-space-information and can then be used by any other ICC-compliant/supporting Application. This ensures that the correct/original colours are always used.
ICCB (Internet Configuration Control Board)
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration - Internet
ICCP (Institute for the Certification of Computing Professionals)
ICD (Installable Client Driver (3D Graphics))
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Driver
ICD (International Code Designator)
ICE (In-Circuit Emulator (Intel))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
ICE (Integrated Computing Environment)
ICES (Interference-Causing Equipment Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard/Protocol
ICI (Image Component Information)
ICL (Interface CLear)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
ICLID (Incoming-Call Line IDentification)
ICM (Image Color Matching (Kodak))
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
A Protocol used on the Internet to send control information. eg. Ping uses this to send an 'Echo_Request'.
Back to/Related subjects - Message - Request
ICO (ICOn (File extension - .ICO))
ICOMP (Intel Comparative Microprocessor Performance (Intel))
ICON (aka Icon)
A small picture displayed on screen to communicate or represent something. eg. Devices, Files, Directories, Applications, etc.
Icon Bar Menu (RISC OS)
A Menu produced by Clicking 'Menu' over an Icon on the Icon-Bar.
Iconbar (aka Icon Bar/Icon-Bar)
The strip along the bottom of the computer screen (RISC OS) that contains Icons for Devices (to the left) and Applications (to the right) that are currently available to the User.
Iconised Window (RISC OS)
A Window that has been reduced to Icon-size and stuck on the Backdrop (Achieved by Clicking on the Close-Icon with [Shift] held down). To restore to full size, just Double-Click on the Icon. Iconising does not close a Window so no unsaved work is lost.
ICP (Integrated Channel Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
ICQ (I Seek You (Americanism).
Type of Search Engine that helps you find Email addresses and allows on-line chats. (See Chat-Room)
ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)
Next step up from OCR. OCR with a brain.
Back to/Related subjects - Character
ICS (Intuitive Command Structure)
ICSAPI (Internet Connection Services API)
Back to/Related subjects - API - Internet
ICSI (?)
ICT (Information Communication Technology)
ICU (Instruction-Cache Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Cache
ICU (Intel Configuration Utility)
Back to/Related subjects - Configure
ICU (ISA Configuration Utility)
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration - ISA
ID (IDentification)
ID (IDentifier)
ID (Interactive Demo (Software))
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
IDA (Integrated Digital Access)
IDA (Intelligent Disc Array)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc
IDA (Intelligent Drive Array)
Back to/Related subjects - DD
IDAPI (Integrated Database Application Programming Interface aka Borland Database Engine)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Database - Interface - Program
IDC (Insulation Displacement Connector)
This refers to a connector where the Connection between the contacts and the individual wires is made by squeezing a row (or usually two rows) of sharp metal teeth onto a ribbon cable so that the teeth cut into the insulation and make contact with each individual wire.
IDC (Integrated Database Connector)
Back to/Related subjects - Database
IDC (Integrated Desktop Connector)
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop
IDC (International Data Corporation)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
IDC (Internet Database Connector (MicroSoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Database - Internet
IDDE (Integrated Development & Debugging Environment (Symantec))
IDE (Imbedded Drive Electronics)
Back to/Related subjects - DD
IDE (Integrated/Intelligent Drive Electronics or Integrated Development Enviroment)
An electronic Standard method of connecting Hard Drives (HD), CD-ROMs, etc. to a computer System. The standard was set up to provide a simpler and cheaper means of connecting hard drives to IBM and compatible computers than was currently available. Initially this was for a maximum of 2 Devices per Interface (IF), internally mounting devices only, although now, mini-podules can have 4 Devices, some external.
Back to/Related subjects - Podule
IDE (Interactive Design and Engineering)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
IDE (Interface Design Enhancement)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorythm)
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption
IDEFS (IDE Filing System)
Back to/Related subjects - IDE - FS
IDF (Intel Developers Forum)
IDF (Intermediate Distribution Frame)
IDI (Initial Domain Identifier)
Back to/Related subjects - Domain
IDIV (Integer DIVide)
IDL (Interactive Data Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
IDL (Interface Definition Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IDMS (Integrated Data Base Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - Database - System
IDNX (Integrated Digital Network eXchange (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
IDP (Integrated Data Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Data
IDP (Internet Download Profile)
New File Format co-developed by Netscape & Software Builders International allowing recovery from failed Downloads. Utility called SmallDownLoad allows a 'Resume' facility to just download the part still to come.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IDR (Intelligent Document Recognition)
Back to/Related subjects - Document
IDT (Interface Design Tool)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table)
IDX (InDeX (File extension - .IDX))
IE/IE4 (Internet Explorer /4 (MicroSoft))
A Web Browser, Internet Application suite for PC's.
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
IEE (Institute of Electrical Engineers (USA))
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA))
IEEE488
An Interface (IF) Standard for connecting scientific instruments to computers as agreed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA). 488 is the number of the document. Usually called IEEE interface, but also HPIB for Hewlett Packard (HP), and GPIB - General Purpose ...., originally designed by HP. It is an 8-bit Data Bus, allowing up to 16 Devices to be Addressed, with Handshake and interrupt lines. Intelligent Interfaces make a very good IEEE interface for the RISC OS computers, but it won't work with the Acorn UNIX boxes because of interrupt latency.
IEEEI (IEEE Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IEF (Information Engineering Facility)
IEMSI (Interactive Electronic Mail Standard Identification)
Back to/Related subjects - Email - Interactive - Standard/Protocol
IEN (Internet Engineering Notes)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group (Internet Regulatory Body))
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force aka IETFIP (Internet Regulatory Body))
The body that facilitates discussion, (See - RFC) and eventually a new Standard is established.
IF (Input Focus)
The input received from the Keyboard can be directed to one and only one Window at a time. The window currently receiving information from the keyboard is said to have the input focus. This is indicated by the Title-Bar of the window changing from grey to yellow (normally) (RISC OS), or to the highlited colour defined by the User (DOS)
Back to/Related subjects - Input Focus
IF (Interactive Fiction)
Text Adventures/Games.
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
IF (InterFace aka I/F)
The Connection between the Peripheral Device and the computer.
IFC (Internet Foundation Classes)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IFD (Image File Directory)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - File
IFEL (? (Company))
IFF (Interchangeable File Format (Amiga))
Back to/Related subjects - File - Format
IFG (Incoming Fax Gateway)
Back to/Related subjects - Fax - Gateway
IFP (Instruction Fetch Pipeline)
IFS (Installable File System)
Back to/Related subjects - FS
IFSM (InFormation Systems Management)
Back to/Related subjects - System
IGA (Integrated Graphics Array)
IGC (Integrated Graphics Controller)
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Standard)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard/Protocol
IGFET (Insulated-Gate Field Effect Transistor)
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway - Protocol
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco))
Back to/Related subjects - Gateway - Protocol
IGS (Internet Go Server (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Server
IHD (Integrated Help Desk (IBM))
IHU (Integrated Housekeeping Unit (8-Bit Computer System))
Back to/Related subjects - Bit - System
IHV (Independent Hardware Vendor)
Back to/Related subjects - Hardware
II (Intelligent Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IIC or I2C (Intelligent Interface Controller)
Phillips' proprietary 2-wire Serial Bus Interface (IF). One wire is a clock and the other carries serial Data. Used internally in Archimedes computers for the real time clock and the CMOS RAM. Difficult to use externally because of buffering problems (it is very difficult to Buffer a bidirectional line). IIC is used in TVs and radios, HiFis etc.
IIF (Immediate Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
III (Interstate Identification Index (NCIC))
IIO (Intelligent Input/Output aka I2O)
IIOP (Internet Inter-Operability Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IIR (Immediate Impulse Response)
IIS (Internet Information Server/Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Server
IITF (Information Infrastructure Task Force)
IJ (Ink Jet (Printer))
This is a type of Printer where the patterns on the paper are generated by squirting ink through a series of tiny nozzles in the print head.
Back to/Related subjects - DJ - Inkjet Printer
IKP (Internet Keyed Payments (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IK (Inverse Kinematix)
Helps in animating jointed figures.
IKHG (International Keyboard Handler Generator)
Back to/Related subjects - Keyboard
IL (InterLace)
Build up a picture on a Monitor screen using two passes, each displaying alternate lines, the aim being to reduce flicker effects.
Back to/Related subjects - InterLace
ILA (Image Light Amplifier)
ILS (Integrated Learning System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ILS (International Language Support)
IMACS (Image Management and Communication System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
Imagemap
An embedded graphic in an HTML page, which when Clicked upon redirects the Client/User to another Resource. ie. A Graphical Hot-Link.
Image Processing
See - IP (Image Processing)
IMAP (Internet Mail/Message Access Protocol)
This is a Networking Protocol which allows Users to manipulate and read the contents of mail Directories/folders held on a remote Server. Unlike the POP protocol, the mail continues to reside on the remote machine. This approach has advantages in an environment where users move from machine to machine so that Transferring an individual's mail (Email) to a particular Client machine would not be appropriate. The protocol is formally specified by Internet RFC 1176. There is a good Document which describes these which you can get from ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/mail/imap.vs.pop.
IMAX (MAXimum Image)
IMC (Insight Management Console (Network Monitor))
IMDS (Image Data Stream (IBM Format))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
IME (Input Method Editor)
Back to/Related subjects - Editor
IMF (International Monetary Fund (Development backing))
IMG (IMaGe)
IMIS (Institute for the Management of Information Services)
IML (Initial Microcode Load (IBM))
IMod (Interferometric Modulator (Display Technology))
Reflective MEMS System.
IMP (Information/Interface Message Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Processor
IMPA (Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter (DCA))
IMR (Internet Monthly Report (Internet))
IMS (Information Management System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
IMS (Intermediate Maintenance Standards)
IMS (Innovative Media Solutions (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Media
IMSP (Internet Message Support Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IMT 2000 (International Mobile Telephony 2000)
Data Transfer up to 2Mbits/sec.
IMTC (International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium)
Back to/Related subjects - Interative - Multimedia
IMUL (Integer MULtiply)
IMUX (Inverse MUltipleXer)
IN (INput)
INC (INCrement)
IND (INDex (File extension - .IND))
INF (INFormation (File extension - .INF))
INFO (Information Services (Internet Domain Name))
ING (Internet and Networking Group (Motorola))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Network
INI (INItialise (File extension - .INI))
INIT (INITialisation/INITialise)
Initialisation
Default status at start-up or after a Reset.
Inkjet Printer See - IJ
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
INM (Integrated Network Management)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
INND (Internet News Daemon)
Back to/Related subjects - Daemon - Internet
Input Focus
See - IF (Input Focus)
INS (INput String)
INS (Integrated Network Server)
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Server
INT (INTeger)
INT (INTernal)
INT (INTernational (Internet Domain Name))
INT (INTerrupt)
INTA (INTerrupt Acknowledge)
Interactive
A Program that requires some input from the User. eg. A Hyper-Link (Hot-Link) on a Web Page.
To take part in/with.
Interlace
See - IL
Internet
An interconnected Network of networks. The Internet exists purely as a large group of machines that pass Messages to each other, Sites Linking themselves in because they found it useful. Remember when using the Internet that you are piggy backing on other peoples efforts and paying nothing for it, so be polite because they could easily decide to stop passing your messages through. There is no one organising it and hence no one to complain to if you don't like it. The Internet is probably the worlds most successful anarchy!
Back to/Related subjects - ARPANet - Applet - Host - ISP - List Server - Login - Net - Netizen - Newbie - Surf/Surfing - USDARPA - Web Page - WWW
internet The connecting together of at least 2 Networks creates an internet, as in inter-national etc.
Internet Address (aka IPA)
Back to/Related subjects - Address - IPA
Internet Protocol Suite
See - IPS
InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
Interpreter
A type of High Level Language (HLL) in which each instruction is converted into machine executable code line by line, as the Program proceeds. See - Compiler for more explanation.
INTO (INTerrupt if Overflow occurs)
Intranet
A private Network inside a company or organization, similar to the Internet and using the same kinds of Software, such as Web Browsers, Web Servers etc, but obviously only for local Web Pages.
IO (Input/Output aka I/O)
IOC (Input/Output Chip/Controller aka I/OC)
The I/O chip used on pre-Risc PC Acorn computers was called IOC.
IOC (Inter-Office Channel)
IOCC (Input/Output Channel Converter)
IOCC (Input/Output Controller Chip)
IOCS (Input/Output Control System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
IOCTL (Input/Output Control)
IODE (Integrated Development and Debugging Environment (Symantec))
IOMD (Input/Output Memory Device)
This is a computer chip designed by ARM Ltd which allows ARM Processors (CPUs) to control Input/Output devices, Memory, and Peripherals on the Risc PC and A7000.
Back to/Related subjects - Device
ION (Integrated On-demand Network (Software))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
IOP (Input/Output Podule aka I/O Podule)
Acorn's (dual width) Interface (IF) card that provides RISC OS computers with some of the many interface facilities that were standard on the BBC Micro range of computers. Interfaces include User Port, Parallel port, analogue post and 1MHz Bus.
Back to/Related subjects - Podule
IOP (Input/Output Port)
A connector on the computer where you plug in a cable from another Device.
Back to/Related subjects - Port
IOP (Input/Output Processor)
Back to/Related subjects - Processor
IOPL (Input/Output Privilege Level)
IOSGA (Input/Output Support Gate Array)
IP (Image Processing)
If an image is stored on a computer as Binary Data (such as a Sprite File) it is possible to manipulate the data mathematically to enhance, distort, translate or otherwise modify the picture in controlled ways.
Back to/Related subjects - Image Processing
IP (Information Provider)
A company that provides Internet access on a commercial basis.
IP (Instruction Pointer)
IP (Intellectual Property (Copyright Law))
IP (Internet Protocol)
The Network Protocol responsible for passing Data Packets from one Host to another. Each packet contains the IP Address (IPA) of both the source and destination hosts. IP is regarded as unreliable because individual packets may get lost as they wander around the Internet. Hence TCP is usually used to control it if reliability is important.
Back to/Related subjects - CSLIP - PPP - SLIP
IP (Internet Provider)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - ISP
IPA (Internet Provider Address aka IPN (Number))
A unique 32-bit Address assigned to a Host connected to the Internet. (Usually this is a static allocation, but some dial-up Internet providers assign IP addresses dynamically when you log on.) The IP address is usually presented in dotted-decimal Format (eg. 123.45.67.89), where each number represents eight bits of the address. The first part of the address is assigned exclusively to an organisation by the Network Information Center (NIC) in the United States. The use of the individual addresses within this address space is then devolved to the organisation itself
Back to/Related subjects - Internet Address - IPN - Location - URL
IPC (Instructions Per Clock)
IPC (Inter-Process Communication)
IPCP (Internet Provider Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - ISP - Protocol
IPDS (IBM Personal Dictation System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
IPDS (Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Printer
IPFC (Information Presentation Facility Compiler (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler
IPI (Intelligent Peripheral Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
IPL (Initial Program Load/Loader)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
IPL (Internet Public Library)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IPL (Ion Projection Lithography)
IPL (Information Programming Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Program
IPM (Inter-Personal Message)
IPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Platform - Interface
IPN (Internet Protocol Number aka IPA (Address))
See - IPA
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IPNG (Internet Protocol, Next Generation)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IPP (Internet Printing Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IPPWG (Internet Printing Protocol Working Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IPR (Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright))
IPS (Internet Protocol Suite)
The set of Protocols which includes TCP, UDP and IP. It is also often (misleadingly) referred to as TCP/IP. Originally developed in the 1970s and early 1980s by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (USDARPA) for the Arpanet, precursor of the Internet.
Back to/Related subjects - Host - Internet Protocol Suite
IPSE (Integrated Project Support Environment)
IPTC (International Press Telecommunications Council)
IPTC (Internet Provider Telephony Carriers (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - ISP
IPX (Internet Protocol eXtensions)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange (Novell))
IPX/SPX (Internet Packet eXchange/Sequence-packed Protocol eXchange (Network communication Protocol))
Back to/Related subjects Internet - ISP - Packet
IPXCP (Internet Provider X Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Protocol
IQL (Interactive Query Language)
IR (Infra-Red)
IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
A service operated on certain Hosts which allows multi-party Online conversations. It allows users to 'chat', by typing text, in real time. It is the Internet equivalent of CB radio. The User runs an IRC Client and connects to an IRC Server using a command such as /server stork.doc.ic.ac.uk. He then selects a particular channel with /join #channel or similar.
Back to/Related subjects - Chat Room - MUD
IRCX (Internet Relay Chat eXtended (Comms))
Similar to IRC but allows Binary Data Transfer.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
IRD (Integrated Receiver/Descrambler)
IRDA (Infra-Red Data Association (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Data
IRDL (Infra-Red Data Link (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Link
IRDS (Information Resource Dictionary System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
IRET (Interrupt RETurn)
IRF (Intermediate Routing Function)
IRF (Inheritance Rights Filter (Novell))
IRL (Interactive Reader Language)
IRL (Inter-Repeater Link)
Back to/Related subjects - Link
IRLAP (Inf-Rared Link Access Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Link - Protocol
IRLED (Inf-Rared Light Emitting Diode)
IRM (Information Resource Management)
IRM (Inherent Rights Mask)
IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest (Programming))
IRTF (Internet Research Task Force (Internet))
IRX (Information Retrieval eXperiment)
IS (Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
IS (Interrupt Status)
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
The original PC setup which allowed extras to be added to a System by inserting Plug-in adapter cards into slots on the motherboard (MB).
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
ISA (Instruction-Set Architecture)
ISA Bus (Industry Standard Architecture Bus)
This is a 'Standard' expansion Interface (IF) as used on PC compatibles. (Also referred to as the AT bus?)
Back to/Related subjects - Bus
ISAM (Indexed Sequential Access Management/Method (DataBase Library))
ISAPI (Internet Server API (Microsoft))
Back to/Related subjects - API - Internet - Server
ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard/Protocol
ISC (Instruction Set Computer)
ISC (Inter-Systems Communication (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - System
ISCA (Information Society Creativity Award(s))
Annual event run by DTI to promote funding for the use of new Media in small to medium enterprises.
ISD (Image Section Descriptor)
ISD (Instructional Systems Design)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
A high speed Network available in most European countries and the USA/Canada. It combines voice and Data Transfer through a single Medium, using Digital, rather than analogue signals. Speeds are approx 64Kbps - 128 Kbps
Back to/Related subjects - ADSL - bps (Baud)
ISDN BRI (ISDN Basic Rate Interface (Comms))
Level of service designed for small businesses and residential Applications.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - ISDN
ISDN PRI (ISDN Primary Rate Interface (Comms))
Multiple Basic ISDN channels for higher Bandwidth Applications.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface
ISH (Information Super Highway aka I-H)
ISI (Internally Specified Index)
ISIS (Integrated Systems and Information Services)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ISKM (Internet Starter Kit for the Macintosh)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
ISL (Interactive System Language)
Back to/Related subjects - System
ISM (Internet Service Manager (Mircrosoft))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
ISMF (Interactive Storage Management Facility)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
ISO (International Standards Organisation also International Organisation for Standardisation)
Voluntary, non-treaty organisation founded in 1946, responsible for creating International Standards in many areas, including computers, communications and languages (they validate Pascal). Its members are the National Standards Organisations of its 89 Member countries.
ISOC (Internet SOCiety)
Internet Regulatory Body) Founded 1992.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
An Organisation/Company you connect to, to access the Internet.The Organisation/Company provides access to the Internet.
ISP (Interrupt Stack Pointer)
ISP (Interrupt Status Port)
Back to/Related subjects - Port
ISPA (Internet Service Providers Association)
Back to/Related subjects - ISP - Internet
ISPF (Interactive System Programming Facility)
Back to/Related subjectsInteractive - Program - System
ISR (Information Storage and Retrieval)
ISR (Interrupt Service Routine)
ISR (Interrupt Status Register)
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)
Back to/Related subjects - Standard
IST (Imperial Software Technology (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
ISV (Independant Software Vendor (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Software
IT (Information Technology)
ITA (International Telegraph Alphabet)
Morse Code
ITAA (Information Technology Association of America)
ITB (Information Technology Branch)
ITB (Intermediate Text Block)
ITC (International Typeface Corporation)
ITE (Information Technology Equipment)
ITF (Interactive Test Facility)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
ITN (Identification Tasking and Networking)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
ITNTO (Information Technology National Training Organisation)
ITR (Internet Talk Radio)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
Itsy
ARM-based Hand-held Computer that runs LINUX.
ITU (International Telecommunications Union)
ITU-TIES (ITU-Telecom Information Exchange Services)
ITU-TSS (ITU-Telecommunication Standards Section)
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol/Standard
ITUG (International Telecommunications User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - User
ITV (Interactive TeleVision)
ITX (Intermediate TeXt-block)
IU (Integer Unit)
IUAP (Internet User Account Provider (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - User
IUS/ITB (Interchange Unit Separator/Intermediate Transmission Block)
IV&V (Independent Verification & Validation)
IVIS (Interactive Video Information System)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive - System
IVL (Independent Vendor League)
IVL (Intel Verification Lab)
IVR (Interactive Voice Response)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
IVS (Interactive Videodisk System)
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive - System
IVT (Interrupt Vector Table)
IWF (Internet Watch Foundation)
Independant body responsible for monitoring illegal material on the Internet.
IXC (Inter-eXchange Carrier aka Interchange Carrier)

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JA (Jump Address)
JA (Jump if Above)
JACL (Java Application Control Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - JAVA
JAD (Joint Application Design)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
JAE (Jump if Above or Equal)
JAFU (Just Another Friendly Unix)
eg - Linux.
Back to/Related subjects - UNIX
JANet (Joint Academic Network (Janet))
The Network linking UK academic institutions. (Super Janet, allowing higher speed communication and other extra facilities, has also been tested.)
JAR (Java ARchive (Filetype))
Back to/Related subjects - Archive - Java
JASPER (JAva SPectrum EmulatoR (Jasper))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulator - Java
(Hot) JAVA
An object-orientated Programming (OOP) language developed by Sun Microsystems, to be used across distributed Systems. It allows executable 'objects' (Applets) to be sent across the Internet, rather than the more traditional text. For example, you could have a graph on your screen of some Data. There could be an update to that data, which JAVA would 'transmit' to your machine, and update the graph, all without any User intervention. It is rather like Hot-Links within Documents, hence the term 'Hot' often being applied to it. Apparently Java is american slang for coffee, so you will see lots of mention of hot java and animated Icons of steaming cups of coffee if you visit any of the java pages. More infomation on JAVA can be found at http://java.sun.com.
Back to/Related subjects - JDK
Javagator
JAVA-based Web-Browser.
JAVAScript
See - JS
JAX (Java API XML)
Back to/Related subjects - API - JAVA - XML
JAZZ (Device)
A type of removable Drive.
JBE (Jump if Below or Equal)
JC (Jump if Carry set)
JCL (Java Compiled Language)
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler - JAVA
JCL (Job Control Language)
JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity)
Back to/Related subjects - Database - JAVA
JDK (Java Development Kit)
Software development package from Sun Microsystems that implements the basic set of tools needed to write, test and debug JAVA Applications and Applets.
JE (Jump if Equal)
JEDEC (Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council)
Back to/Related subjects - Device
JEIDA (Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association)
JEPI (Joint Electronic Payment Initiative)
JES (Job Entry System)
Back to/Related subjects - System
JFC (Java Foundation Classes (Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - JAVA
JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor)
JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format)
Back to/Related subjects - File - Format - JPEG
JFS (Journaled File System (IBM))
Back to/Related subjects - File System
JG (Jump if Greater)
JGE (Jump if Greater or Equal)
JIPS (JANET Internet Protocol Service)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Janet - Protocol
JIT (Just-In-Time (Compiler))
JL (Jump if Less)
JLE (Jump if Less than or Equal to)
JMAPI (Java Management Application Program Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Interface - JAVA - Program
JMF (Java Media Framework (Sun))
Back to/Related subjects - JAVA - Media
JMP (JuMP)
JNA (Jump if Not Above)
JNAE (Jump if Not Above or Equal)
JNB (Jump if Not Below)
JNBE (Jump if Not Below or Equal)
JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface (JAVA Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Directory
JNG (Jump if Not Greater)
JNGE (Jump if Not Greater or Equal)
JNI (Java Naming Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - JAVA
JNI (Java Native Interface)
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - JAVA
JNK (JuNK (File extension - .JNK))
JNLE (Jump if Not Less or Equal)
JNO (Jump if No Overflow)
JNP (Jump if No Parity)
JNS (Jump if No Sign)
JNZ (Jump if Not Zero)
JOE (Java Objects Everywhere)
Back to/Related subjects - JAVA
JOHNNIAC (JOHN Neumann Integrator and Automatic Computer (Rand Corp.))
JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System (Rand Corp.))
Back to/Related subjects - System
Joystick
See - JS (JoyStick)
JPE (Jump if Parity Even)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
A body set up in the USA to produce an industry Standard for still picture Compression and storage. The theory is that, with an agreed File format, one company's decompression Program can read the files produced by someone else's compression program, or
A file (image) that has been compressed using JPEG compression techniques, or
A Format for storing pictures in a highly compressed format. It reaches high compression by actually losing parts of the original file, but hopefully only those parts you wouldn't notice anyway.
JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
JPO (Jump if Parity Odd)
JRE (Java Runtime Enviroment)
Back to/Related subjects - Java
JS (Java Script (Language))
A scripting language written by NetScape which forms part of an HTML Document.
Back to/Related subjects - Applet - JAVA - JAVAScript
JS (JoyStick)
An input Device to control the computer's actions, usually used in Games.
Back to/Related subjects - Joystick
JS (Jump if Sign)
JSS (Java-script Style Sheet)
Back to/Related subjects - Java
JUGGL (Java User Group in Greater London (Club))
Back to/Related subjects - JAVA - User
JUGHEAD Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display (Internet)
A search System for finding Files in Gopher Sites, similar to Veronica.
Jumper
A small connector that plugs across 2 terminals on an adapter card, Hard-drive (HD), CD-ROM Drive etc. eg. To set the Slave/Master setting on a Hard-Drive.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
Back to/Related subjects - JAVA
JZ (Jump if Zero)

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K-12 (Kindergarten through 12th Grade (US Education System))
K56 FLEX
Protocol specified 56Kbits/sec DL and 33Kbits/sec UL
Back to/Related subjects - Baud
KA9Q (aka !TCPIP)
It was originally written on a PC for use with Packet radio and KA9Q was the author's call sign. Freeware Program used to connect to the Internet. Gradually becoming obsolete (The program, not the Internet).
Back to/Related subjects - TCP/IP
KAM (Keep Alive Memory)
KB (KeyBoard aka KBD aka KEYB)
Kb (Kilobit)
1000 bits of computer Data.
Kb (Kilobyte aka KB)
Approximately one thousand bytes of computer Data. 1 Kilobyte = 1,024 bytes.
Back to/Related subjects - Byte - Gb - Mb - Tb
KB (Knowledge Base (Expert System DataBase)))
Kbd (Keyboard aka KB aka KBD aka KEYB)
The main input Device attached to the computer. The name is derived from the early Typewriter -Keyboards-, when striking a lever caused a shaped -Key- to strike the ink-tape. Nowadays, a more correct name would be a switchboard. Also -
Can refer to a piano-style Keyboard as in MIDI Keyboard used for Music/sounds input.
KBD$ (KeyBoarD (OS/2))
KBE (Knowledge Based Engineering)
Kbps (Kilobits per second)
KBps (KiloBytes per second)
Back to/Related subjects - Kb
KDE (K Desktop Enviroment (Linux/Unix))
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop - UNIX
KDT (Key Definition Table)
KEFIR (KEy FIndings Reporter (GTE - General Telephone Electronics))
Kermit
A set of File Transfer Protocols, and a Terminal Emulator that is widely used on PC‘s and UNIX computers.
Kernel
The main part/central core of the Operating System (OS).
Kerning (Fonts)
This refers to the spacing between individual pairs of Characters. To improve the look of printed text, certain character pairs need to be printed closer together than others. It can also refer to shifting characters up or down relative to one another.
Back to/Related subjects - Tracking
Kerr Effect
Magnetic orientation of a CD that polarises light from the laser enabling Data to be read.
Key (Data Encryption)A few lines of ASCII characters which are intended to be unique, and are used for cyphering.
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption
KEYB (Keyboard aka KB aka KBD aka KEYB))
See Kbd
Keyboard aka KB aka Kbd aka KEYB
See Kbd
Keyword(s)
A word used in a (Web) search. You will receive all instances of Sites that contain that word(s), or
In BASIC, a word that carries out a Procedure/Function, a command, operator or statement etc.
Back to/Related subjects - WWW
Kill-File
A list of people whose Messages you don't want to read when collecting Email/News. ie. Their messages just get deleted immediately. Also used to ignore topics not of interest to you.
Kilostream
A line leased from BT that provides 64Kbits/s Data Transfer rates.
KNI (KATMAI New Instructions)
7 new assembly-level instuctions for Pentium II, dedicated to 3D Graphics.
KS1,KS2 (Key Stage 1, Key Stage 2, etc)
Educational/School developement stages.

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LAN (Local Area Network)
A general term for a means of connecting computers together on one Site so that they can share information and/or Resources. Econet and Ethernet are examples of LANs, or
A group of computers linked together for Data transfer, usually on a single site.
Back to/Related subjects - Network - WAN
LANE (LAN Emulation (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulation - LAN
LAPM (Link Access Protocol for Modems)
Used for detection and correction of errors on a comms Link between 2 Modems.
Back to/Related subjects - MNP - Protocol
Laptop
A portable computer, small enough to sit and use on your lap. Being portable, it allows you to take it almost anywhere, access the Internet or input Data which can later be Transferred to a Desktop PC if necessary.
LAUC (Liverpool Acorn Users Club)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
LAUG (Liverpool Acorn Users Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
LBA (Logical Block Access (PC BIOS Mode))
See also Screen Mode
LBA (Logical Block Addressing (HD Technology))
LBM (Letter-Box Mode(s))
There are some Monitors that were never designed to display Screen Modes of the like of Acorn Modes (See Screen Mode) 12, 15, etc. Some are completely incapable of displaying them whereas others can display them but with a somewhat reduced vertical height, the shape being likened to the mouth of a letter box.
Back to/Related subjects - Letter-Box Mode(s)
LC (Lower-Case)
Small letters eg. abc as opposed to Capital Letters (CL) eg. ABC.
Back to/Related subjects Caps - CapsLock - Lower Case - UC
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display (Monitors/Screens))
LCP (Link Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - Link - Protocol
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - Protocol
LDP (Linux Document Project)
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Linux
LDR (Light Dependant Resistor)
Used for Computer Controlled Robots/Hardware/equipment.
LDT (Local Descriptor Table (Application Segments - Windows 95))
Table containing a Descriptor that describes the position in Linear Memory of each Application Segment. ie. The place where each part of the Application is stored.
LEA (Local Education Authority)
Leading
This refers to the spacing between lines in printed text. The term comes from the days of mechanical typesetting where bits of lead strip were used to separate one line from the next.
Leafname
The last part of the Pathname. ie. The name of the File/Directory/Application being referred to.
Leased Line
See - LL
LECC (Layered Error Correction Code)
CD error detection.
LECS (LAN Emulation Configuration Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Configure - Emulation - LAN - Server
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
LEG (Liverpool (Acorn) Enthusiasts Group)
LEO (Low Earth Orbit (Communications))
As in satellites.
LEP (Light Emitting Polymers (Display Technology))
LES (LAN Emulation Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Emulation - LAN - Server
Letter-Box Mode
Back to/Related subjects - LBM - Screen Mode
LFAU (Large File Allocation Unit (RISC OS))
The unit size allocated to objects on a Disc. eg.
       LFAU   Max Disc Size   Min Object Size
        1Kb      499Mb            16Kb
        2Kb      998Mb            32Kb
        4Kb     1996Mb            64Kb
        8Kb     3992Mb           128Kb
Back to/Related subjects - Cluster sizes (DOS) - File
LGPO (Local Group Policy Object (WNT))
Li (Lithium-ion (Battery Type))
More advanced version of the NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) battery. Lasts approx 2 - 2.5 hours with normal use compared to the 1.5 hrs of the NiMH.
Lib (Library)
Specifically - A Resource that may be used by many Tasks, or
Designates the Directory which holds Data and/or Programming routines/Resources commonly used or required by many Tasks.
Link
The connection between 2 items. eg. 2 computers, 2 Web Pages (aka Hyperlink), 2 Modems etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Hot-Link - Hypermedia - Hypertext - WWW
Linker
When using a Compiler, this is the Program that joins the object code from various sub-programs, including the library routines, to form the final executable machine code program.
LINUX
A derivative of Internet
Lisp
A high level computer language often associated with artificial intelligence (AI) Programming.
List Server A kind of Mail-List, originating on BITNet and now common on the Internet.
Back to/Related subjects - Server
LJ (Laser-Jet (Printer))
A Laser-printer uses light and static-electricity to Transfer images/print to the page.
LL (Leased Line)
Any circuit or combination of circuits designated to be at the exclusive disposal of a given User. Gives a permanent Connection between 2 Locations.
Back to/Related subjects - Leased Line
LLL (Low Level Language)
A language which involves Programming the computer at the level of one written instruction (or Mnemonic) for each machine code instruction. eg. Assembly Language.
Back to/Related subjects - HLL - Low Level Language
LNB (Low Noise Block (Comms))
Load
To set up a Task/Application ready to be used. ie. To install various components into Memory.
Back to/Related subjects - Download (DL) - Upload (UL)
Loading position (Printing)
The position to which paper is automatically loaded.
LOAF (Linux On A Floppy aka MicroLinux (Networking Toolkit))
Back to/Related subjects - LINUX
Location (aka IPA or URL)
Your position (Port) on a Network, or on the Internet, or
A position in Memory (RAM) that holds specific Data, or
The position of a File on a Filing System (FS).
See Also - IPA - URL
Login (aka Log in)
Connecting to a computer involves typing a User Name and a PassWord before access is given. You can login to remote computers on the Internet using Telnet or FTP.
Back to/Related subjects - UID
Log Off/Out
Disconnect from a Host System.
Low Level Language
See - LLL
Lower Case
See - LC
LP (Limited Product (Software))
LP (Linux Router Project (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - LINUX
LPD (Line Printer Daemon)
Back to/Related subjects - Daemon - Printer
lpi (lines per inch)
Measurement used in Scanning.
Back to/Related subjects - Scanner
LRU (Least Recently Used (Windows 95 Memory Segment))
LSF (Line Screen Frequency (Scanning))
Measured in lines per inch - (lpi)
Back to/Related subjects - Scanner
LSI (Large-Scale Integration)
Chip with 100-1000 transistors.
Back to/Related subjects - SSI - VLSI
LSS (Loadable Storage Sub-systems)
LTO (Linear Tape Open (Tape Standard))
New Standard from Hewlett-Packard, Seagate and IBM to reduce Fragmentation.
LUACAS (Liverpool University ACorn Users Society)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn
LUGs (Linux Users Groups)
Back to/Related subjects - Linux - User
LUI (Language User Interface (Speech Recognition))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF) - User
Lurker
Someone who reads Usenet Articles but makes no contribution and is therefore transparent to other Users. Sometimes used as a derogatory term but there are, by contrast, those who just HAVE to say something about every topic, whether it adds anything or not!
LUT (Look-Up Table)
A Data-table within a Program/Application usually used where a number of calculations have to be made, and the answers are already supplied, cutting down time spent in calculating them, thus increasing the speed.
LUTDAC (Look-Up Table Digital - Analogue Converter (Graphics Display))
LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signalling (Digital Data Transfer))
LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch (Data Compression Technique))

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Mac (aka Apple Mac)
Common abreviation for Apple Macintosh Computer, or the MAC OS (Operating System)
MAD (Microsoft's Active Directory)
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
Magneto-Optical
See - MO (Magneto-Optical)
Mail Exchanger
A computer that handles mail for other computers.
Back to/Related subjects - Email
Mail Gateway
A computer or service that Links up two or more Email Systems.
Mail Merge
See - MM (Mail-Merge)
Mail Server
Machines to which you connect to send and receive mail.
Back to/Related subjects - Email - Server
Mailbomb
Large amounts of Data being Emailed to one person, repeatedly, until it kills their mail System or at least renders it unusable. Usually the result of seriously breaching Netiquette.
Mailing List (aka Mail List)
A group of people who send and receive communal Email Messages on a specific topic. A copy of the mail is sent to each Member of the Mailing List.
MAME (Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator)
Back to/Related subjects - Emulator
Manager
The individual or Program in charge of running and maintaining a System or Application/Application Suite.
MAPI (Mail Application Programming Interface (MS Mail))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Programming - Interface (IF)
MAPI (Messaging Application Programming Interface (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Application - Programming - Interface (IF)
MAPS (Mail Abuse Protection Scheme)
Anti-Spam System that lists known or probable spam-friendly Networks, and puts them on an RBL (Realtime Blackhole List).
Back to/Related subjects - Email
MAR (Memory Address Register)
Back to/Related subjects - Address - Memory
Mask
See - Transparency Mask
Masquerading
This is a way to allow machines to access (a limited subset of) Internet services without having to have real IP Addresses (IPA) assigned to them. Requires one Firewall machine.
MathML
XML DTD for Mathematical Formulae
Matrix
A pattern of individual dots which form a shape, or
A grid or Template that can be used to create an image, or
A grid/layout as in a Concept Keyboard (CK).
MAUG (Manchester Acorn User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
MAV (Micro Air Vehicle (Robotics))
MAW (Microsoft At Work (Software))
Mb (Megabyte)
Approximately one million Bytes of computer Data. (Actually, it is = 1,048,576 bytes.)
Back to/Related subjects - Gb - Kb - Tb
MB (MotherBoard)
The main circuit board of a computer is sometimes referred to as a motherboard, especially when, as in the Risc PC, many of the functional parts of the computer are on separate PCBs (sometimes called DaughterBoards) that are plugged into the main or MotherBoard.
MBC (Micro Business Computers Ltd (Company))
Mbit/s (Megabits/second)
The rate at which Data can be sent through any given data Connection.
Back to/Related subjects - bit
MBR (Master Boot Record (Windows NT))
Record of Boot procedure(s) kept on Hard-Disc (HD) for the System to follow on Autoboot. ie When you switch on.
MCA (Micro-Channel Architecture)
MCD (Mini Client Driver (3D Graphics))
Back to/Related subjects - Client - Driver
MCIS (Microsoft Commercial Internet System)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - System
MCN (Micro Cellular Network (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
MCNS (Multimedia Cable Network Systems (Comms))
Standard for interoperable cable Modem designs. Certified by CableLabs (Company).
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia - Network - System
MCP (Microsoft Certified Professional (Qualification))
MCSD (Microsoft Certified System Developer (Certificate))
Back to/Related subjects - System
MD (Mini-Disc)
Small version of a CD.
MDA (Message Digest Algorithm)
Encryption Code. eg. PassWords (PW) etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Message
MDF (Monitor Definition File (RISC OS))
A Text File that tells a Risc PC what sort of Monitor it is connected to and what screen Resolutions, colours etc. are available.
MDFS (Multi/Multiple Disc Filing System)
Back to/Related subjects - Disc - FS
MDI (Multi/Multiple Document Interface (DTP))
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Interface (IF)
MDT (Micron Display Technology)
ME (Memory Express (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
ME (Message Express (Software))
Used for sending Messages, using digital phones and Palmtop or Pocketbook (Portable PCs).
Media (Printing)
Materials upon which Data is printed/stored. eg. Envelopes, plain paper, transparencies etc, or
Generally - Pictures, Videos, Audio etc.
Medium
The means used to store/Transmit Data. eg. Cables, CD-ROM, FD, HD, and even Paper.
MEM (Micro-Electrical Mechanical (Device Type))
MEMC (MEMory Controller)
The Memory control chip used on pre-Risc PC Acorn computers (ARM2 and ARM3) to control the way the CPU and video controller (VIDC) accessed the computer's memory.
Memory
The computer's storage area for Data, Video, Graphics etc. If you try to do too many things at once, you will run out of memory. Each Application/task being run, uses some of the computer's memory.
Memory Effect (Batteries)
If recharging begins before being totally drained, cells remember that charge level and refuse to take a full charge. This results in shorter and shorter battery duration. The easy remedy is to fully discharge the battery by leaving the unit switched on and then recharging.
Memory Leak
Data storage area not being released correctly when no longer required, resulting in less Memory available.
Memory Stick
New type of storage Device currently in 4Mb, 8Mb and 12Mb versions. Approx the size of a piece of chewing-gum. 10-pin connectors with built-in Parallel-Serial convertor.
MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System)
Back to/Related subjects - FED - System
Menu
A List of actions/choices that are available on/in Applications, Directory Display (Filer-Menu), FSs etc.
Menu-Button
The Middle Mouse-Button (RISC OS). Click the 'Menu' Button to display a Menu (if one is available).
Menu Item
One of the options available from a Menu.
MESS (Multi Emulator Super System (Games Emulator))
Back to/Related subjects - System
Message
The basic unit of HTTP communication, consisting of a structured Header and (optionally) an Entity, transmitted via the Connection.
Meta-Information(aka Meta-Data)
Information hidden (not displayed) within an HTML page, usually giving a brief discription of the contents, or some comments.
Meta-Spamming
Including lucrative Keywords in the Meta-tag (Meta-Info) of your Web Page to increase the number of Hits created by search-engines (SE). eg. Sex, Free, etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Spam
Metapage
A Web Page that contains Links to other web pages.
MEU (Multimedia Expansion Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia
MF-TDMA (Multi Frequency - Time Division Multi-plexing Access (Comms))
MFLOPS (Million FLoating-point Operations Per Second (Processing Speed))
Back to/Related subjects - CPU - FLOPS - GFLOPS - TFLOPS
MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation (Comms))
MFP (Multi Function Peripheral)
A single Add-on Device that does the job of several devices. eg. Scanner/Printer/Fax/Copier.
Back to/Related subjects - Peripheral
MFT (Master File Table (Data storage))
Similar to FAT File.
MHz (MegaHertz or Millions of cycles per second (cps))
This is most often used to refer to the speed of a computer's Processor (CPU) or Memory. eg. the Risc PC 600 has a 30MHz processor which means that it can carry out 30 million Program steps each second. Also GHz - Billion cycles per second, and Hz - cycles per second.
Microweave (Printing)
Printing in which images are created in finer detail/increments to reduce the possibility of Banding.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
A defined Standard for the physical link-up between musical instruments and controllers, and also the Format of the Data transmitted.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF)
MIDI IN
Allows a MIDI Keyboard to be used to input or record MIDI Data to a PC MIDI sequencer such as CuBase. Can be used with Risc PC PC-Card with MIDI Module version 4 from ESP (Expressive Software Projects (Company).
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
Internet mail was originally designed to carry text Messages composed of 7-bit US ASCII Characters. MIME extends the Format of Internet mail messages to include information about the type of Data in the message (eg. 'this message is a PostScript Document', 'This message is a GIF image', etc) and provides methods for Encoding 8-bit data with arbitary line lengths into 7 bit printable characters with restricted line lengths, which will be carried safely through all mail systems, no matter how antiquated or restrictive they may be. MIME makes MultiMedia mail possible, while retaining compatibility with the existing Internet Mail distribution System. MIME is formally specified by Internet RFCs 1521 and 1522.
MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages (Chip Technology))
MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second)
A measure of how fast a CPU is running in terms of the number of instructions it can execute each second. Not very useful when comparing different types of Processor (CPU).
MIRC (Microsoft Internet Relay Chat (Software))
Also PIRCH and VIRC
Back to/Related subjects - Chat Room - Internet
Mirror Site
A local FTP Server which contains the same, or similar, information as another Site somewhere else in the world. Mirrors are often set up to lessen transcontinental Downloading (DL) times.
Mirroring
Usually 2 Servers with identical Data. If one dies, Users can logon (Login) to the other one and their Data should be OK.
MIS (Management Information Services)
MJPEG (Motion JPEG (Video))
Back to/Related subjects - JPEG
MKAUG (Milton Keynes Acorn User Group)
Back to/Related subjects - Acorn - User
ML-PPP (Multi Link Point to Point Protocol aka Multi Link PPP)
Back to/Related subjects - PPP
MM (Mail-Merge)
When you want to send the same Document to many people, you can use a File which contains the basic text which is to remain constant. The changeable details are then held in a separate file. At the time of printing, the computer will insert the information, such as names and Addresses, so that each letter is individually addressed.
Back to/Related subjects - Mail Merge
MM (Mixed Mode (CD Format))
A CD Format consisting of 2 earlier formats. CD's containing CD-ROM XA and CD-DA Formats. aka MultiMedia CD's.
MM (MultiMedia)
A blend of communications elements, usually computer-based, which allow information in such forms as sound, speech, text, still pictures, moving images and animations to be presented to the User so that it can be accessed in an Interactive way, the user selecting which piece(s) of information to pursue.
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia - WWW
MMC (Microsoft Management Console (Networking Software))
MMO (Mobile Module Option (Notebook Processor Hardware))
DaughterBoard that houses the Processor (CPU) and any direct supporting elements that it may need.
Back to/Related subjects - Module
MMU (Memory Management Unit)
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
MMX (Multi Media eXtensions (Processor type))
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia - Processor ((CPU))
Mnemonic
A code used in an Assembler to represent a machine code instruction.
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler
MNP (Microcom Network Protocol)
A System used by Modems to provide Data Compression and error correction for high speed data transmission over phone lines. There are various Standards of increasing speed and complexity. eg. MNP4 and MNP5. Now largely Superceded by LAPM.
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Protocol
MO (Magneto-Optical(CD Drive Technology))
A technology used to provide read-write Data storage with a removable Medium. It is slower than the magnetic technology of conventional Hard Drives (HD), especially in writing. However, magneto-optical Discs are much cheaper than the cartridges used for conventional removable hard discs.
Back to/Related subjects - Magneto-Optical
Mode
See - Screen Mode
Modem (Mo(dulator)-dem(odulator))
A Device which takes a Serial stream of computer Data and converts it into audible tones that can be transmitted down a telephone line that was originally designed for carrying voice information. It enables two computers to exchange data at a distance via the telephone System.
Back to/Related subjects - X-Modem - Y-Modem - Z-Modem
Moderator
The person who runs a conference or Newsgroup (NG). They have the responsibility of selecting which Postings are used and which are not. A newsgroup Editor/censor.
Modified Flag
A flag used by an Editor to record whether the File/Document has been modified. Usually signified by an '*' in the Title-Bar (RISC OS).
Module
A compilation of Programs/Libraries put together for a specific purpose, eg. Training, or
A specific Resource/File to be used for more than one Task (aka Driver or DLL) or
A specific Electronic Unit designed to carry out a particular Task. eg Electronic Control Unit (ECU) used to monitor temperatures/speeds.
Modulus11
A type of File Encryption.
Monitor
A screen unit (similar to a TV set) used to display output from the computer.
Back to/Related subjects - VDU
Monitortype
A (RISC OS) computer variable that determines which ranges of Screen Modes the computer will attempt to display on your monitor.
Monochrome (Printing)
Printing with only one colour of ink, usually black.
MOO (Mud Object Oriented)
One of several kinds of multi-User, text-based, role-playing environments.
Back to/Related subjects - MUD - MUSE
MOPier (Multiple Original Printer)
A Device that can scan (See Scanner) in Documents or Download (DL) them from a PC and then print out at rates of up to 24ppm and can sort into multiple trays.
Back to/Related subjects - Printer
Mosaic
The first Web Browser that was available for the Mac, Windows 95, and UNIX all with the same Interface (IF).
Back to/Related subjects - WWW
MotherBoard
See - MB (MotherBoard)
Mouse
An input Device. ie. A means of controlling actions on the computer, usually linked to the Pointer on the screen. Can have 1, 2, or 3 buttons.
Mouse-Pointer
See - Pointer
Move
Hold down [SHIFT] when Dragging a File (RISC OS), to Move it from one Directory to another. Similar to Copy, but the file/Directory is no longer in the original Location.
MPC (Multimedia Personal Computer)
The 'Standard' MultiMedia computer used in the PC world.
MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group)
A group of technologists who are establishing an international Standard for the Compression of moving video and its associated audio. MPEG compression uses information from preceding and subsequent frames to allow further compression than would otherwise be achievable. Similar to JPEG, but used with movies, or
A video that has been compressed using MPEG techniques.
MPK (Multi Processing Kernel)
Back to/Related subjects - Kernel
MPU (Micro Processing Unit)
MR (Magneto Resistive (Hard-Disc (HD) Technology))
Allows higher capacity Recording density (Data storage), compared to non MR Drives.
MRT (Magnetic Resonance Tomography (Digital Imaging))
MRX (Magneto Resistive eXtended (Hard Drive (HD) Technology)
Allows higher capacity Recording density (Data storage) than MR Drives.
Ms (Milliseconds)
The speed at which Seek Times are measured. Hard-Drives (HD), CD-ROMs etc.
MS (Micro-Soft)
Computer Company.
MS (Multi-Sync (Monitor))
Some Monitors are designed (for cheapness) that only display in certain Modes (See Screen Mode). Others can display a range of different modes. They can synchronise onto a range of different frequency signals and are therefore called 'multisync' monitors.
Back to/Related subjects - MultiSync Monitor
MS-DOS (Micro-Soft Disc Operating System)
See - DOS - Operating System (OS)
MSC (Multimedia Super Corridor (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - MultiMedia
MSCDEX (MicroSoft CD EXtension (CD ROM Program/Driver - DOS))
MSCG (Motorola Satellite Communications Group)
MSDF (Multi Step Dynamic Focus (Display Technology))
MSIE (Micro-Soft Internet Explorer)
Web Browser Application suite for MS-DOS.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
MSMQ (MicroSoft Message Queue)
MSN (MicroSoft Network (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
MSN (Multi Subscriber Numbers (Comms))
MSR (Magnetic-induced Super Resolution (MO-Drive encoding technology))
MT (Multi-Tasking)
Carrying out more than one task at the same time. An Operating System (OS) like RISC OS is capable of running a number of different tasks all at the same time. This is multitasking. (Actually the CPU can really only do one job at a time but what it does is to do a little bit of each task every fraction of a second.)
There are two basic types of multitasking: preemptive and cooperative.
Back to/Related subjects - Multi-Tasking - Multi-Threading
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure)
An indication of how long (on average) it will be before a machine goes wrong.
MTD (Memory Technology Driver)
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - Memory
MTS (Microsoft Transaction Server (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Server
MTV (Maximum Transit Unit (Comms))
MUD (Multi-User Dimension or Multi User Dungeons [and Dragons])
A form of IRC where the participants take on a persona and do role play activities.
A significant feature of most MUDs is that Users can create things that stay after they leave and which other users can interact with in their absence, thus allowing a (virtual) world to be built gradually and collectively.
Back to/Related subjects - MOO - MUSE
MUG (Multi-User Game)
Back to/Related subjects - User
Multi-Document Editor
An Editor capable of Editing several Documents at the same time.
Multi-Tasking
See - MT (Multi-Tasking)
Multi-Threading
An Operating System (OS) feature that allows a Program to run several tasks concurrently.
Back to/Related subjects - MT (Multi-Tasking)
MultiMedia (aka Multi-Media or MM)
See - MM (MultiMedia)
Multisession
Information stored on a PhotoCD can be added to at a later date with the appropriate (very expensive) equipment. In order to read all the information on these CDs, you need a CD-ROM drive that is multisession capable.
MultiSync Monitor
See - MS (Multi-Sync Monitor)
MULTOS
Smart-card OS from Fujitsu/ICL. Hoping to become an Operating Standard for Smart-Cards.
MUSE (Multi-User Simulated Environment)
Place where you can interact with other Users, usually with little or no violence.
Back to/Related subjects - MOO - MUD
MVL (Multiple Virtual Line (Comms))
MYOB (Mind Your Own Business (PC Software))

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NA (Net Accelerator (Internet Software))
NAACE (National Association of Advisors for Computers in Education)
NAC (Network Adapter Card)
An Expansion Card that plugs in to an Expansion Slot to enable the User to connect to a Network
NAI (Network Associates Incorporated (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NAL (Novell Application Launcher)
Back to/Related subjects - Application
Name Server (aka Domain Name Server)
See - DNS
Back to/Related subjects - Domain - Domain Name
NAP (Network Access Port)
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Port
NASB (New American Standard Bible (Software))
NAT (Network Address Translation (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Address - Network
NBCP (Net Bios Extended User Interface Control Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects BIOS - Interface (IF) - Protocol - User
NC (Network Computer)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NCC (National Computing Centre)
NCD (Network Computing Devices (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Device - Network
NCET (National Council for Education Technology)
NCI (Network Computer Incorporated (Oracle))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NCI EMEA (NCI Europe, Middle East, Africa (Affiliate))
NCIC (National Crime Information Center)
NCP (Netware Control/Core Protocol (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Protocol
NCS (Norwich Computer Services (Company))
NCSA (National Centre for Supercomputing Applications)
Back to/Related subjects - Applications
NCSA (National Computer Security Association (USA))
NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement)
An agreement/contract between a company or individual and employees/partners promising not to divulge sensitive or important information relating to a product/products under construction/testing under penalty of legal action. Often refer to as 'The Official Secrets Act'.
NDPS (Netware/Novell Distributed Print Services (Networking Printers))
NDS (Netware/Network Directory Services aka MS-NDS (Comms))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory - MS - Network
NDS (Novell Directory Service (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Directory
NDT (No Dropout Technology (Fonts))
NE (New Executable (DOS File-Header))
Net
Another name for the Internet or Network, or
A way of referring to a person on the net. eg. -
Net FS
See - NFS
NetBEUI (Net Bios Extended User Interface (Networking))
Windows for WorkGroups (WFWG)
Back to/Related subjects - BIOS - Interface (IF) - User
Netiquette
The 'rules' of the Internet. eg. When you first get connected to the Internet -
NetNews (aka News)
News Transferred using the NNTP Protocol.
Netizen
Referring to a citizen of the Internet, or someone who uses Networked Resources.
NetScape
See - NS
Netware
The Hardware and Software required to run a Network.
NetWork
A group of computers that are linked together to enable the transmission of information between them, or
A means of connecting a number of computers together so that they can share Data and the use of Peripherals.
Back to/Related subjects - Applet - Gateway - Internet - internet - LAN - Site - WAN
Newbie
A new User of the Internet or of a particular service. This is not a derogatory term.
Back to/Related subjects - FAQ
News (aka UNG)
See - UNG
NewsFeed (aka News Server)
Machines to which you connect to send and receive news.
Back to/Related subjects - News Server - Server  
NewsGroup (aka NG or ng or Usenet)
See - NG - Usenet
NewsReader
A Program that allows you access to Articles on a Usenet Server.
News Server(aka NewsFeed)
Machines to which you connect to send and receive news.
Back to/Related subjects - NewsFeed - Server
NFC (Network Facility Centre)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NFS (Network Filing System)
A Protocol developed by Sun (defined in RFC 1094) which allows a computer to access Files over a Network as if they were on its local Disc, or
Acorn's Filing System for use on NetWorks.
Back to/Related subjects - Net FS
NG (NewsGroup aka ng)
A forum for Discussing a subject, the title of the NewsGroup (hopefully) giving the subject area. You can start a new discussion, known as a Thread, or reply to existing Postings.
Back to/Related subjects - UNG - Usenet
NG (Next Generation)
Term signifying that it is the latest/newest version.
NGFL (National Grid For Learning (IT) aka NGL)
NGI (Next Generation Internet)
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
NGIO (Next Generation Input Output technology)
NGL (National Grid for Learning (IT) aka NGFL)
Nibble
Four Binary bits. ie. Two nibbles make 1 Byte. (No pun intended)
NIC (Network Information Center)
As close as an Internet-style Network gets to a Hub. It's usually where you'll find information about that particular network.
NIC (Network Interface Card aka Adapter (Hardware))
Device that connects a piece of equipment to the Network and controls the electrical Protocol for communications within that Network.
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF)
NiCad (Nickel Cadmium (Battery type))
NIE (Newspapers in Education)
Newspaper Websites that can be used for education. Operated by newspaper groups throughout the world.
NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride (Battery-type))
NKACC (North Kent Amateur Computer Club)
NLM (Netware Loadable Modules (Networking))
Back to/Related subjects - Module
NLQ (Near Letter Quality)
A middle range printing Standard.
NLU (Natural Language Understanding (Speech Recognition))
NMBC (Nihon Mobile Broadcasting Company)
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
The Application Protocol (defined in RFC 997) used to Transfer Usenet Articles between News Servers.
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Server
Node
A computer or Server attached to the Network.
NorTel (Northern Telecom aka Nortel)
NOS (Network Operating System)
Software that manages Network Resources eg. File-sharing, Printing, Security etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System (OS)
Notebook
A Handheld PC (HPC).
NRC (National Research Council (Canada))
NS (Name Server aka DNS)
See - DNS
NS (Network Series (Seagate Travan Technology))
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NS (NetScape)
A World Wide Web Browser Program. Formerly the most used browser on the Web. Its attractions included its cross-Platform support (the Program was available for PCs, Macs and a number of different types of UNIX workstation), and its speed (it showed you the text and graphics of a Web Page as they arrived at your computer, rather than waiting for the whole page to be Downloaded (DL). It was free to educational establishments and charities, and could be downloaded free for evaluation by others. One problem was that Netscape introduced various non-Standard 'extensions' to the Web authoring language (HTML) which were not supported by other browsers. Acorn Users of the Internet were most likely to encounter the influence of NetScape in the form of oddly laid out or unreadable Web pages, possibly bearing Messages such as 'this page looks best in NetScape' or 'the page only works with NetScape'. Version (v2.0) also supported JAVA. Now superceded by NetScape Navigator and possibly InterNet Explorer as the most-used Browser. (Open to corrections).
Back to/Related subjects - NetScape
NSA (National Security Agency and NSA line eater)
The more aware/paranoid Net Users believe that the NSA has a super-powerful computer assigned to reading everything posted on the Net. They will jokingly (?) refer to this line eater in their Postings.
NSF (National Science Foundation)
This funds the NSFNet, the Backbone of the Internet in the US.
NSS (Novell Storage Services (Network Filing System)
NT (New Technology (As in Windows NT))
NTI (Network Terminating Interface (Hardware))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF) - Network
NTL (National Transcommunications Limited (Company))
NTLM (NT LAN Manager)
Back to/Related subjects - LAN
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
A Protocol that ensures accurate local timekeeping with reference to radio and atomic clocks located on the Internet. This protocol is capable of synchronising distributed clocks within lilliseconds over long time periods (RFC 1119).
Back to/Related subjects - Network
NTS (Number Translation Service (Comms-BT))
Numeric Keypad
A group of keys on the right-hand side (normally) of the Keyboard.
NumLock
A key on the top-left of the (Number) Keypad that allows you to use the Pad for the functions marked on them if the light is on. If the light is off, the functions of the Keypad depend on the Application in use.
NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Splines (3D Graphics))
Objects which allow a simple set of polygons to define the underlying shape, of which vertices are Bezier-control-points for curved vertices of the polygons underneath.
NWLCC (North West London Computer Club)

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OAW (Optically Assisted Winchester (Data storage technology))
Obey File
A File of commands prepared for execution by the RISC OS Command-Line Interpreter (CLI).
Object Code
The machine-executable code produced by a Compiler.
Object Oriented Programming
See - OOP
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
A computer System for reading written words. eg. A received Fax, and converting it to ASCII text. Computers can be trained to examine the shapes of typed or printed Characters and work out what the letters, words and sentences are. So, combined with a Scanner or camera and digitiser, the computer can 'read' text off books and paper. Because of the difficulty of being 100% accurate, it may take as long to edit out the mistakes as to type the text in from scratch, so OCR programmers are fighting all the time to make their Programs more and more accurate without becoming too slow for practical use. This facility will become more viable as we get progressively faster Processors (CPUs).
Octet
8 bits or 1Byte
ODB (Open Digital Broadcast (Comms-Intel))
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity (Data Storage))
Allows use of Data from other Databases. Changes made in one DataBase are reflected in the other(s).
ODD (Ottens' Dutch Designs aka O'DD (Company))
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
Offline
When your computer is not connected to a Host System, a Network, or the Internet, you are offline.
OFT (Office of Fair Trading)
OHP (OverHead Projector (Display Technology))
OHP Tablet (OverHead Projector Tablet)
LCD that sits on top of the OHP like a slide. Computer display is replicated on the LCD and projected.
OLAP (Off-Line Analysis Packages)
OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing)
Back to/Related subjects - Online
OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)
A means of linking Data of different types (eg. text, drawfiles, Sprites, etc) within one Document so that each element can be easily edited. Double-Clicking on an element brings up the appropriate editing Application (Draw, Paint, ArtWorks, etc) to allow you to make the necessary changes without having to export and then re-import the data, or
The technique of placing Files belonging to one type of application into the files of another and having them display correctly.
OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode (Display Technology))
OLEDB (Object Linking and Embedding DataBase aka OLE DataBase (Data Storage))
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase
OLR (Off-Line Reader)
A Software Program to read and reply to Email or Usenet news off-line. ie. While not connected to a BBS or the Internet.
OM (Online Media)
A sub-company of the Acorn Computer Group.
Back to/Related subjects - Online
OMR (Optical Mark Reader)
A method of reading special forms. eg. Multiple choice exams.
Online (aka On-Line)
When your computer is connected to an online service, BBS or public-access Site.
Online-Games/Gaming
Playing Games via the Internet with Users across the World.
OO (Object Orientation (Programming Languages))
OOL (Object Orientated Language)
Object-oriented languages include Modula-3, C++ and Objective C.
Back to/Related subjects - OOP
OOP (Object Oriented Programming)
A technique for writing Programs which helps in the development of large programs by reducing (hopefully) the number of errors.
The approach used in conventional programming is to have a number of procedures or routines which can work on some Data. There is no conceptual Connection between the data and the operations which are performed on it. In contrast to this, object-oriented programming works on a concept of objects, which consist both of data fields (similar to a structure in C) and of a list of methods which may be applied to that data. eg. You could define an object point (with data x and y, both integers), and define a move method on it to change these fields.
One of the most useful concepts which may be derived from this is inheritance is an object can be defined as a sub-type of another object, and in doing so inherit all its methods (and data fields), but may also add its own. As an example, you could define a circle object with data x and y (inherited from the Parent point object) but with another data field, radius. Similarly, the circle would inherit the move method (which would not have to be rewritten), but could also have a resize method added to it.
The result of these changes in approach is that it is often easier to implement large programs, since it is harder to get confused about how a piece of data should be used, and less code needs to be rewritten.
Back to/Related subjects - OOL - Object Oriented Programming
OPC (Organic Photoconducting Cartridge (Laser Printers)
Operating System
See - OS
Operation check (Printing)
A method for checking/testing Printer (or any other Device) operations. eg. Nozzle check pattern.
OPI (Open Pre-press Interface (DTP))
Back to/Related subjects - Interface (IF)
Option Icon (aka Option-Button)
An Icon that appears in a Dialogue Box. Each time you Click on it, you will switch a particular option on or off.
ORB (Object Request Block/Broker (Networking Software))
Used to translate Messages between different object Standards, also
On Gnome Systems, allows Applications to call on one anothers functions and Data.
ORL (Olivetti Research Labs)
OS (Operating System)
This is the set of 'house-keeping' Programs within a computer which handle all the Input/Output, Filing Systems, etc. All modern Acorn computers come with the RISC OS operating system as standard (stored in ROM) but it is possible to use alternative operating systems such as DR-DOS and MS-DOS by adding the appropriate Software or Hardware.
Back to/Related subjects - Operating System
OS/2 (Operating System/2 (IBM))
OS Graphic Unit
A unit for defining graphics under RISC OS so that they are independent of the current Screen Mode. There are nominally 180 OS graphics units to the inch.
OSCLI (Operating System Command Line Interpreter)
The part of the RISC OS that deals with Command-Lines that are either typed in at the Keyboard or issued by other Programs.
Back to/Related subjects - Command-Line Interpreter (CLI)
OSD (On-Screen Display (Monitors))
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
A Protocol suite designed by ISO committees as the International Standard computer Network architecture.
OSR (Open System Resources)
Back to/Related subjects - Resourses - System
OSS (Open Source Software)
eg LINUX
Back to/Related subjects - Software
OT (Ordering Tables (Programming))
OTP (Open Trading Protocol)
Message Protocol for payments on the Web
OTS (Oppertunities To See (Web Advertising))
Outline Fonts
These are Fonts that are described mathematically by using equations to define the curves that make up the outline of the Character's shape. Using these equations, it is relatively simple to work out how to display any font at any size, either on the screen or on a Printer where the shape has to be reproduced as a series of dots.
Overflow (aka Buffer Overflow or Cache Overflow)
Data reaching the Buffer/Cache faster than it can be processed resulting in lost Data.

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P&D (Plug & Display (Graphics Cards/Monitors))
New Standard (from VESA ) for Graphics Cards which defines a Digital Interface (IF) for connecting a display to a PC. P&P for Monitors.
P&P (Plug & Play (Hardware))
System that can detect new Hardware and set it up automatically, ready for use without having any Configuration input from the User, or
The process of adding new hardware and using it immediately without having to carry out any configuration or set-up procedures
P-POP (Plain-Paper Optimised Printing (Printers))
Ensures water-resistance, eliminates feathering and bleeding, improves optical density producing sharper text, richer hues and denser black.
P3 (aka PPP)
See PPP
P3P (Platform of Privacy Preferences Project aka PPPP)
P55I
Original codename for Intel's MMX Processor (CPUs). These incorporate additional instructions and larger 32k on-board Cache.
Packet
A stream of Data which is broken down into standardised units - each unit is called a packet.
Packet Switching
The technique in which a stream of Data is broken into standardised units called 'Packets', each of which contains Address, sequence, control, size and error-checking information in addition to the User data.
PAF (Postcode Address File)
PALC (Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal (Display Technology))
Palette
This is a set of colours used for the Desktop display. If the display has, say, 256 colours, the palette determines which actual physical colour is displayed on the screen for each of the colour numbers from 0 to 255.
PAN (Personal Area Network)
Back to/Related subjects - Network
Pane
A Dialogue Box that is attached to a particular Window. eg. The toolbox at the side of a Draw window (RISC OS)
PAP (PassWord Authentication Protocol)
Back to/Related subjects - PassWord (PW) - Protocol
Parallel/Parallel Port
A Device or communication channel is said to be parallel if the Data is sent several bits at a time down several parallel wires. eg. The Printer Port sends eight bits of data at a time.
Back to/Related subjects - Serial/Serial Port
Parallel Processor
In some computers, such as the Risc PC, it is possible to have two Processors (CPUs) working side-by-side, sharing the use of Memory, Data storage and Peripherals. Such processors are referred to as 'parallel processors'.
Parameter (aka Syntax)
A limited set of values/variables that may accompany a command to carry out a specific (further) task. eg DIR /P will list the contents of a Directory, but pause after each screen-full of Data.
An 'invalid parameter' Error will be displayed if that particular value is not used by that command. eg DIR /B in this example or
'incorrect syntax' Error will be displayed where the control code/command switch for the parameter is invalid or the wrong type. eg DIR \P in this example.
Note;-There are vast differences between Parameters and Syntax and also more in-depth definitions, but this may serve as a very basic description.
Parent
The precursor of an object. The Directory/Menu/File/Window that you opened the object from.
Parent Directory
The Directory within which the directory you are currently dealing with is stored. (The opposite of a Sub-Directory).
Parity
A method of checking for errors in transmitted or stored Data. An extra bit (the parity bit) is added to each ASCII Character so that the number of '1' bits is always odd (or always even).
Partition
A Section of the Hard-Disc (HD) Formatted seperately, possibly even in a different Format, to the Main Disc. For all intents and purposes, it can be used as a seperate Hard-Disc.
Pascal
A compiled language.
Back to/Related subjects - Compiler
PAS (Publicly Available Specification)
PassWord
See - PW
Pathname
This is the full name of a File or Directory including the Filing System, Disc name (or number) and the sequence of directories that have to be opened to access that particular file or directory. eg. IDEFS::Bill.$.Net.Info.Glossary.
PBII (PocketBook 2 aka PB2)
A palmtop computer.
PBM (Portable Bit-Map (files))
A Standard Format for storing and Transferring Bit-Mapped Graphics.
PC (Personal Computer)
General term relating to the DOS run computer Systems available, although can mean any Personal Computer.
PCA (Personal Computer Association)
PCA (Plug-in Compliant Application)
Back to/Related subjects - Plug-in - Application
PCA (Power-Check Area ?)
Part of SUA on Orange Book CDs used for laser testing. This allows for optimum laser settings for reading the CD.
PCB (Printed Circuit Board)
A piece of insulating material covered with conducting tracks, used to interconnect electronic components to make up an electronic circuit.
Back to/Related subjects - Backplane - DB (DaughterBoard) - Expansion Card - MB (MotherBoard)
PCCard aka PCMCIA
A method of expanding your computer's capabilities via a credit-card sized Connection. Used mainly on portable computers (Notebooks etc). With these you can add Modems, external CD-ROMs, HD etc, or
A PC Processor (CPU) on a separate card that can be used as a second processor in a Risc PC.
Back to/Related subjects - PCMCIA
PCECard (PC Expansion Card)
An Expansion Card containing a PC Processor (CPU), Memory, and some I/O capability that can allow PC Programs to be run within the RISC OS environment.
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
PCEm (PC Emulator)
A Software Application that can work within RISC OS, or as a separate Program taking over the whole of the computer's processing (CPU) power, which enables the computer to pretend to be an IBM PC and run (most of) the programs that are written to run under DOS, DR-DOS, or MS-DOS on those computers.
Back to/Related subjects - Emulate
PCI (Peripheral Component Interface (Expansion Slot))
Standard Bus design for computer motherboards (MBs) and Expansion Slots that can Transfer 32 or 64 bits of Data at one time. It's Expansion Slots are compatible with ISA cards too. PCI has taken over as the Standard for PC's
Back to/Related subjects - Interface - Peripheral
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation (Sound-File format))
Back to/Related subjects - Format
PCMCIA
See - PCCard (PCC)
PCRS232
Communications Standard for cable Connections to a computer.
PD (Playable Demo (Software))
PD (Public Domain)
Free Software, although some may require a registration fee. It may or may not still have its author's copyright attached.There are a number of organisations and enthusiasts who produce Programs and clipart which they make freely available for other people to use, rather than trying to make money by selling them. The material is distributed at cost by various individuals and agencies.
PDC (Primary Domain Controller (Networking)
PD Library
An individual or company who collects and distributes PD Software. eg. APDL or The Datafile etc.
PDA (Personal Digital Assistant (Palmtops etc))
PDF (Portable Document Format (DTP Filetype))
A type of online document often used to distribute manuals and magazine articles. These pages appear identical on the screen or in printed form.
Back to/Related subjects - Document - Format
PDL (Page Description Language (Printers))
PDP (Plasma Display Panel (Display Technology))
Used for display screens.
PDU (Protocol Data Unit (Networking))
SNMP Messages across a Network.
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Protocol
PE (Portable Executable (DOS File-Header)
PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail)
Internet Email which provides confidentiality, authentication and Message integrity using various Encryption methods.
Pentium
This is a 32-bit CPU with a 64-bit Data Bus produced by Intel Corporation.
Back to/Related subjects 80486 - CISC - COAST - GIMPS - KNI - Slot 1 - SVW
Peripheral
An item of Hardware such as a Monitor or Printer that can be connected to your computer.
PERITEL
The new name for SCART. A type of Audio/Visual (A/V) connector.
PERL (Pathalogically Eclectic Rubbish Lister) or
PERL (Practical Extraction and Report Language)
Persistant Dialogue-Box
A Dialogue-Box that remains open/on-screen when it's Parent has been closed. It may suspend operation of it's Parent-Application until a writeable Icon has been filled in. eg. A PassWord (PW)-protected Application.
PET (Positron Emission Tomography (Digital Imaging))
PFUNS (Public Facing Unsupported News Server (Internet))
Back to/Related subjects - News Server - Server
PGC (Parallel Graphics Configuration)
Back to/Related subjects - Configuration - Parallel
PGML (Precision Graphics Markup Language)
New (proposed) Standard for Web-Page Authoring, using Vector Graphics instead of Bit-Mapped Graphics. These scale according to the available Browser window retaining all of the finer graphic deails, without any loss of detail or pixelation.
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
A very secure, powerful type of Encryption Software, using a public key (PKC) System.
PGP Signature (Data Encryption)
Generated with the Senders Private Key and Pass-phrase, attached to the end of an Email or News-posting and can be checked with the senders Public Key to prove authenticity.
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Encryption
PGY (Post Graduate year)
PGY-1, PGY-2 etc. eg. PGY Med etc.
Photo REt (Photo Resolution Enhancement technology (Printers))
A means of Dithering colours on a print-out to make it more realistic looking.
Back to/Related subjects - Resolution - REt
PIC (Personal Intelligent Communicator (Palmtop))
PIC (Programmable Integrated Circuit (Hardware))
Back to/Related subjects - Programmable
PICS (Platform for Internet Content Selection (W3 Net Monitoring Program))
Back to/Related subjects - Internet - Platform - Selection
PIE (Pocket Internet Explorer (Comms))
IE for the Pocketbook.
Back to/Related subjects - Internet
PIF (Program Information File (Windows 95))
Back to/Related subjects - File - Program
PIM (Personal Information Manager/Management)
eg. Electronic notebook.
Pinboard
This is an Application that makes use of the blank areas of the Desktop (RISC OS). You can 'stick' various Files or applications onto it so that they are easily accessible without having the Filer Windows open for each of the Directories in which they are stored. You can also decorate the Pinboard with a graphic, commonly known as a 'Backdrop' or 'Wallpaper'.
PInG (Packet Internet Groper aka Ping)
About the simplest Internet Program. It simply sends an 'Are you there?' type Message and reports back how long it took. Can be useful to see if you can make contact with another machine. eg. ping gate.demon.co.uk
Back to/Related subjects - Demon
PIO (Programmed Input Output (Data Transfer))
Back to/Related subjects - Program
PIOM (Programmed Input Output Mode aka PIO Mode)
Method of Transferring Data from Disc to controller and then into Memory where the CPU plays a pivotal role in managing/controlling throughput.
Back to/Related subjects - Program - Screen Mode
PIP (Picture In Picture (Display Technology))
Pipeline-burst cache
Fast version of secondary Cache.
Pipex
A commercial UK service that provides access to the Internet via the telephone lines using a Modem.
Pitch
See - CPI
Pixel
A tiny point of light and colour which is the smallest picture element in a video or computer image. The more pixels making up the image, (over a fixed area) the better the Resolution.
PKC (Public Key Cryptography)
A method of Encryption whereby a public key is made available by someone to those people who want to send Messages to that person. The public key is used to encrypt (PKE) the Data, but only the private key held by the owner can decrypt the data.
Plan File
A File that lists anything you want others on the Net to know about you. You place it in your home Directory on your public-access Site. Then, anybody who Fingers you, will get to see this file.
Platform
Usually used to signify the different types of Operating Systems in use. eg. - DOS - MAC - RISC OS - UNIX etc
Plug-in A piece of Software that adds features to a larger/previous version of software, ie An Upgrade, but usually created by a 3rd party.
PM (PostMaster)
The person who deals with mail (Email) and answers mail-related questions on an Internet Site. On a BBS, the postmaster is usually the Sysop.
Back to/Related subjects - PostMaster
PMC (Personal Mobile Communicator (Mobile Phone etc))
PNG (Portable Network Graphics (Filetype))
Optimises Graphics on the Web. Accepted by WWWC as a Standard for Web Graphics.
Back to/Related subjects - Network
PNS (Public News Server)
Back to/Related subjects - News Server Server
POC (Policy Oversight Committee)
Podule (Peripheral modules)
See - Expansion Card
Back to/Related subjects - Module - Peripheral
Pointer aka Mouse-Pointer
An Icon (normally an Arrow) that is displayed on the Desktop, and linked to the Mouse. Actions can be carried out by moving the pointer over an object/File/Icon and using the Mouse-Buttons.
PoP (Point of Presence)
A local phone number for access to Pipex, Demon or other Internet providers. A Location you can dial to connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP)
POP/POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
POP is a Networking Protocol which allows users to Download (DL) mail Messages from a central mail Server or 'Post Office'. It is used in situations where the machine belonging to a User is not always available. eg. A machine which is switched off when not in use, or one which only connects to the Internet occasionally via a dial-up link. Internet mail for the user is delivered to the Post Office machine and held there, awaiting collection by POP.
There are several versions of the protocol, the most recent (and widely used) being version 3 which is described in Internet RFC 1725 and commonly referred to as 'POP3'. 'POP', without any qualifying version number, normally refers to version 2 which is described in Internet RFC 937.
Comparing POP3 with SMTP, the other main Email Transfer protocols, the major difference is the decision as to which party is in the driver's seat. With SMTP, the server is in charge of delivery, the Client has to wait passively for the server to send the messages to it. With POP3, the client is in charge. It interrogates the server to determine what messages are available, and then Requests them individually.
Pop-up menu
A Menu available by Clicking an Icon within a Dialogue Box. The icon is often placed alongside a display showing the current setting of that option.
Port
A place where information goes in/out of a computer. eg.Serial Port, Parallel Port, or
On the Internet, a number that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:) right after the Domain Name, or
Translating a piece of Software to bring it from one type of computer System to another.
Portal
The point/Site you first see when connecting to the Web. The entry point/portal.
POST
A type of Request from a Client sent to a Server, asking that the specified Resource be retrieved once the enclosed Parameters have been passed to it. Parameters are passed in an attached Entity. (Also see Post(ing))
POST (Power-On Self Test (BIOS Routine))
Post(ing)
To put/send an Article/Message onto/to a Newsgroup (NG) or message board (BBS).
PostMaster
See - PM
PostScript
A page description language used in some laser Printers and imagesetters. PostScript is a defined Standard so that Applications using it can produce output that can be printed on any PostScript Device.
Back to/Related subjects - PS (Printer)
POTS (Plain Old Telephony Service)
The Standard telephone System.
POWER (Performance Optimisation With Enhanced Risc (Chip Technology))
PPC (Palm PC aka Pocket PC)
Back to/Related subjects - PC
PPP (Point to Point Protocol aka P3)
A Protocol for connecting computers over a distance, or
A Standard for transmitting Internet Protocol (IP) Data Packets over phone lines. This is a newer and more robust protocol than SLIP. NB. This is NOT for Transfer of mail. It just transfers data, which could, of course, contain mail, but the protocol knows nothing about this.
Back to/Related subjects - CSLIP - P3 - TCP
PPPP (Platform of Privacy Preferences Project aka P3P)
PPTP (Point to Point Tunnelling Protocol (Network Security))
Back to/Related subjects - Network - Protocol
PPV (Poly P-pheylene Vinylene (Display Technology))
Semi-conductive polymer used in LEP (Light Emmitting Polymers) screens.
PRAM (Parameter RAM)
Back to/Related subjects - Parameter - RAM
PRI (Primary Rate ISDN)
Back to/Related subjects - ISDN
Print Queue
Print jobs sent to a Printer while it is busy are held in a queue. When they get to the top of the queue they are printed.
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - Printer Driver - Printable Area - Spool - Spool Manager
Printable Area
The area of the page onto which the Printer will print. Smaller than the physical size of the page due to margins.
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - Printer Driver - Print Queue - Spool - Spool Manager
Printer
A Peripheral Device that prints Files, Documents, or graphics.
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - Print Queue - Printable Area - Printer Driver - Spool - Spool Manager
Printer Driver
This is the Program that converts a Document or File created by an Application into information that your particular Printer needs to reproduce the information on paper. The term can be extended to 'printing' a file or document via a Fax Modem. The output is in the form which a fax modem can then transmit, the printed output appearing on the fax at the other end of the phone line.
Back to/Related subjects - Driver - Print Queue - Printable Area - Printer - Spool - Spool Manager
Printer Manager
An Application that oversees the printing process.
Printing Mode
The Resolution/DPI used to represent an image to be printed. eg Fine (720 dpi), Normal (360 dpi), and Economy (180 dpi).
PRM (Programmers Reference Manual(s))
A set of manuals covering many highly technical Programming details of the RISC OS.
PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (Hard Drive (HD) Technology))
Processor
See - CPU
Program
A set of instructions which tells a computer how to carry out a particular task.
Programmed - Been already given a set of instructions to carry out a specific task.
Programming - Creating the instructions to carry out a specific task.
PROLOG (PROgramming LOGic (Programming Language) aka PROgramming Language Of God)
A high level computer language (HLL) often associated with artificial intelligence (AI) Programming.
Prompt
Signifies that you (the User) need to enter something via the Keyboard, or
When the Host System asks you to do something and waits for you to respond. eg. If you see 'Login:' it means type in your user name (UID).
Protocol (aka Standard)
An agreed set of procedures/rules which allows for the orderly Transfer of Data between two Hosts via a communications Network. It is essentially a common language which enables hosts to interwork. eg. TCP, IP, FTP, HTTP, etc.
Back to/Related subjects - Format - Gateway
Protocol Stack
A set of Protocols which together, form a hierarchy. The protocols at the top of the Stack use the protocols lower down to do their work. eg.
Consider a mail server on Host A, delivering a Message to a mail server on host B. The two Servers communicate using the SMTP Application protocol, but do this via a TCP Connection. The TCP connection is achieved by firing IP Packets into the Network. The IP packets are sent over a Serial link using SLIP. The individual Binary digits of the SLIP packet are encoded as a series of electrical impulses on a copper twisted pair. Inside host B, the reverse process occurs to reconstitute the IP packet, which is sent up through the TCP layer to the application protocol.
Proxy
An intermediary Program which acts as both a Server and a Client for the purpose of making Requests on behalf of other Clients. Requests are serviced internally or by passing them onto other Servers.
Back to/Related subjects - Proxy Server
Proxy Server
A web Server that fetches pages at your Request and stores them in its own Memory. This is usually used in conjunction with a Cache so that if you fetch the same page again, it will come from the cache rather than having to be refetched. If you have a number of Users who are all looking at a similar set of Documents (eg. A class of students looking at the same Site) A Proxy server on your local Net can speed up access because a given page only needs to be fetched from the 'outside world' once and from then on it is returned from the cache.
PS (PostScript (Printer))
A Printer that uses the Postscript page description language (PDL).
Back to/Related subjects - PostScript
PSF (Point Spread Function)
Graphics function used to calculate the colour/s of points/Pixels.
PSK (Phase Shift Keying)
In Data transmission, each Baud can be in four different phases: 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. So, for each baud you can have four different states, and this means you can transmit 4 bits per second per baud.
PSN (Processor Serial Number)
Intel decide to include a unique No in every Pentium III chip which can be accessed by software.
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
Normal Phone System.
Back to/Related subjects - Network
PSU (Power Supply Unit)
Circuit converting mains power to the low voltages required for most electronics.
PTO (Patent and Trademark Office (US Govt)).
PUA (Private Use Area)
PUT
A type of Request from a Client sent to a Server, which sends an Entity to the recipient and asks that it be stored under the named Resource.
PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuits (Networking))
As opposed to Switched Virtual Circuit.
Back to/Related subjects - SVC
PW (PassWord aka pw)
A security measure. When accessing a remote Site, especially where certain services are only accessible to registered individuals, the System may require you to type in a code word or words to prove that you are who you say you are, and that password is necessary in order to grant you access. Also, some Software may require you to enter a Password to run it.
Back to/Related subjects - Login - PassWord
PWB (Printed Wiring Board aka PCB)
Back to/Related subjects - PCB
PWS (Personal Web Server)
Back to/Related subjects - Web Server

Start-A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P

-Q-

R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


QCD (Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (Quantum Computing Technology))
QED (Quantum Electro-Dynamics (Quantum Computing Technology))
QoS (Quality of Service)
Quit
Close a File or Application so that its Window(s) disappear from the screen and, in the case of an application, it disappears from the IconBar/Taskbar.
QWERTY (aka QWERTYUIOP)
The Standard Keyboard layout, starting with the first six Character Keys. Q,W,E,R,T,Y. In France it would be AZERTY and in Germany QWERTZ.

Start-A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q

-R-

S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z


R-DAT (R? Digital Audio Tape aka DAT)
Originally intended for home audio use, DAT proved suitable for Serial storage of large amounts of Data. A DAT drive can store Gigabytes on a single tape in a couple of hours. Ideal for Backup.
Back to/Related subjects - Byte
R&D (Research & Development)
RA (Real Audio)
RAD (Rapid Application Development (Programming))
Back to/Related subjects - Application
Radio Icons (aka Radio-Buttons)
A group of buttons/icons within a Dialogue Box, only one of which can be Selected at a time. Selecting one De-selects any of the others (of the same radio type) that are selected.
RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Discs)
Currently on 6th version (0-5). System for backing up Data automatically. ie Writing the Data to a number of Discs/sectors/partitions so that there is more than 1 copy in the event of one becoming corrupt.
RALPH (Rapidly Adapting Lateral Position Handler)
Computerised vision System for computer-controlled steering/guidance.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
The Memory available to hold Data in a computer without having to access the data storage Medium (such as a Hard Disc (HD)), or
This is the place within the computer where information is stored on a temporary basis. When the computer is switched off, any information still in RAM is lost.
RAM Disc
Part of the computer's RAM Memory can be set aside so that the User can store Files and Data on a temporary basis during a computer session. The information is accessed through a Filer in the same way that you would access an external storage Medium such as a Floppy Disc (FD) or Hard Drive (HD). When the computer is switched off, any information still in RAM is lost.
RAMDAC (Random Access Memory Digital to Anolog Convertor)
The link between the Monitor and the Graphics Card.
Back to/Related subjects - Memory
RAMDACC (RAMDAC Chip (Monitors))
The chip that converts Data between the Graphics Card and the Monitor.
RAMFS (RAM Filing System)
Back to/Related subjects - Filing System - RAM
RARP (Reverse ARP)
The Protocol used to map a MAC Address (like Ethernet) to an Internet address. See - ARP
RAS (Remote Access Server (Networking))
Facility to dial up your computer and connect to your Network from another Location.
Back to/Related subjects - Server
RAS line
Physical track on a motherboard used to select which sides of which SIMMs will be involved in Data transfer. 2 SIMMs use 1 RAS line. 2 DIMMs use 2 RAS lines. Given chipsets can only support a limited number of RAS lines, determining the maximum number of SIMMs that can be accomodated.
RBL (Realtime Blackhole List)
List of Spam-friendly Networks, ie. those used to pass on spam Messages.
RCFoC (Rapidly Changing Face of Computing (Journal))
RCI (R-Comp Interactive (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Interactive
RCS (Revision Control System (Software))
Designed for maintaining and altering files. Specifically on Networks, where it only allows one copy of a File open at any one time.
Back to/Related subjects - System
RD (Rolling Demo (Software))
RDBMS (Relational DataBase Management System).
Back to/Related subjects - DataBase - System
RDF (Resource Description Framework (New Web Standard).
A means of processing Meta-Data on the Web
Back to/Related subjects - Resource
RDO (Remote Data Objects (Data Storage))
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol (Microsoft Networking Software))
Back to/Related subjects - Desktop - Protocol
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
See - DRAM
RDSL (Regitech Data Systems Ltd (Company))
Back to/Related subjects - Data - Systems
ReadMe Files
Files found on FTP Sites that explain what is in a given FTP Directory or which provide other useful information (such as how to use FTP), or
Files that accompany Software or Hardware to explain setting up and/or Configuration details.
Realm
A section of a Server's Resource DataBase protected using Client Authentication.
Recursive
Repitition or repeat loop. See - Recursive
Refresh Rate (Monitors)
The number of times the screen can be updated every second. An indicator of the monitor's ability to refresh the screen. eg 75MHz
Relocatable Module
A section of computer code that can be used to extend the facilities of the Operating System (OS) and which can then be used by any Application running in the computer.
Back to/Related subjects - Module
Remote Login
Operating on a remote computer, using